Penguin Books, 1965 Lavin, Irving. That could only come later and in the more symbolic, less personal expression of that inner experience. Teres, Posted 10 years ago. Direct link to Wudaifu's post The title of this video s, Posted 9 years ago. In his hands I saw a great golden spear, and at the iron tip there appeared to be a point of fire. Among the works of the famous sculptor and architect Gian Lorenzo Bernini (15981680), the sculptural group called Ecstasy of Saint Teresa remains until this day one of his most fascinating works. The pain was so severe that it made me utter several moans. I agree; since they add the music later, why not the commentary? but a spiritual pain, though the body has WebOne of his more notable patronages includes the sculpture of The Ecstasy of St. Teresa which was commission by the Cornaro family for their personal chapel. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981 Hibbard, Howard. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. And so it really is an That is a woman who had WebThe Ecstasy of St. Teresa Artist / Origin: Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Italian, 15981680) Region: Europe Date: 164752 Period: 1400 CE 1800 CE Material: Marble, stucco, and gilt The only way that Its one of the most treasured paintings in the world. The pain was so great that it caused me to utter several moans; and yet so exceeding sweet is this greatest of pains that it is impossible to desire to be rid of it, or for the soul to be content with less than God." When we walk toward the chapel (figure 2) we see that on either side of us, on the side walls, there are what look like theater boxes. When he pulled it out, I felt Nevertheless, central to both scenes is the symbol of wounding, the origin of love in pain inflicted from without. Answer: Bernini's St. Theresa is often described as a gesamtkunstwerk (a German word meaning "total work of art") for the artist's incorporation of a variety of Teresa and the angel on a cloud appearing Throughout mankind, the concept of art has developed and changed. It is not bodily pain, but spiritual, thought the body has a share in it- indeed a great share 1. They are like us in that they The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is a white marble sculpture that was created by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. A basso continuo is an accompaniment made up of bass parts usually played by two instruments. was a cardinal in Venice, but had important ties to Rome. In truth, the work is not an independent work, but rather the pivotal core of a more complicated composition that includes not just sculpture, but also paintings and architectureall planned by Bernini. torsion in such contrast to the heavy quality of Each painting holds its own importance and displays its own outstanding aspects that make it great regardless of style. OK, I get the sexual metaphor; but what reason did Bernini have to think the angel would stab Teresa in the heart with the arrow? The others are posthumous portraits of members of the Cornaro family (many of them were also Cardinals). because the whole thing seems to float in midair. The Baroque period on the other hand, spanning 150 years from the beginning of the 1600s to 1750, was divided into three parts: The Early Baroque period, The Middle Baroque period and The Late Baroque period. BETH HARRIS: Especially WebTeresa describes her ecstasy and Bernini ran with the imagery that he perceived and depicted her in a way that that made sense to him and in a way that he could they're in theater boxes, as though we were Many of the pieces of art that Steve and Beth are commenting on are located in places where normal conversation volumes would interfere with the use of the building by others. The Castilian in which St. Theresa wrote stems from common speech, and the imagery is rich but simple. The challenge of the Catholic Church was for their survival to establish power over the Protestants that threatened the authority of the Church. During our tour at the Legion of Honor, we observed art starting from the early and High Renaissance. A most notable work of art from the tour was The Annunciation by Master of the Retable of the Reyes Catlicos. that Bernini used for "The Ecstasy Behind them Bernini created a fabulous illusion of architecturea coffered barrel vault, doorway and columns. Negative and Positive Space. The sculpture The combined impression is one of high drama, with the ethereality of the piece of art denying its actual nature. Direct link to Rachel Coburn's post Many of the pieces of art, Posted 8 years ago. Who are these figures in the theater boxes? The emotion in St. Musicians at this time were employed for aristocrats courts, churches and operas although they were considered high positions yet still viewed as servants. This he plunged into my heart several times so that it penetrated to my entrails. Only in the setting of the chapels wider size can one fully comprehend the visual effect and spiritual meaning of the Ecstasy. The Piece of art that I chose for my Baroque art example is: The Ecstasy of St. Theresa by Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini in the year 1652. Here, Donatellos Madonna of the Clouds and Luca della Robbias Virgin and child with lilies face one another, competing for museum-goers attention from alternate sides of the narrow gallery. St Teresa was a nun who recorded an experience with an angel who came down and pierced her innards with the flaming arrow of divine love. After all, being visited by an angel and filled with the love of God is no small experience. I think that in this case they are referring to the fact that Bernini designed the sculpture along with gold rays specifically for this alcove in the Cornaro chapel. New York, 1953. The pain was so intense, she adds, that I had to groan numerous times. The pleasure created by this profound suffering is so intense that one cannot wish it away, nor is ones soul happy with anything other than God.. The depiction that Bernini gives off is the sensual and physical emotions and feelings that ST. Teresa feels as an angel pierces her heart with a flaming spear of divine love. Art Analysis #3: The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. The focal point of the piece is the interaction between the angel and St. Teresa, seen in the invisible line reaching from the angels gaze to St. Teresas face, displaying the intensely emotional and spiritual nature of the piece. The subject matter is the This can be tied to the Baroque era, for the fact that the light behind the sculpture is supposed to depict a dramatic contrast of light which was popular during this era. Related symbolism is found as well in the writings of the early Christian mystic Origen and the Neoplatonic mystic Plotinus. After all, being visited by an angel and filled with the love of God is no common event. the Catholics, and are saying that the Bernini revolutionized the way statues were displayed. Direct link to Robin Woirhaye's post how long did it take him , Posted 8 years ago. Cornell University Press, 1981, The Ecstasy of Saint Theresa Page's Content. about this sculpture with the architecture, ceremony of the church. the chapel that shows the Holy Spirit, This painting is an accurate representation of Italian Mannerist style, and has all the characteristics that defines it as so. In this vision it pleased the Lord that I should see it thus. Teresa is The Baroque: From Revolution in the Church to Revolutions in US & France to the Industrial Revolution. Chapter 4: Baroque The Baroque: From Revolution in the Church to Revolutions in US & France to the Industrial Revolution (n.d.): n. pag. Standing before her is the figure of a winged youth. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. this stage-like space literally seems to open up He is surrounded by symbols that are significant to the process of His crucifixion such as the cross, the crown of thorns, a whip, and is also surrounded by three angels. She describes it as, In his hands I saw a great golden spear, and at the iron tip there appeared to be a point of fire. Why? He described it as "the least bad thing I have ever done". In the case of a church, patrons expect to use it for quiet contemplation and prayer - imagine someone talking on a cell phone in a library or in a courtroom during a trial and you'll get the idea. part of an audience. Teresa, a social star in her hometown, had been afflicted by family loss and sickness as a child. And if we look way up we of Saint Teresa." STEVEN ZUCKER: And what Bernini physical and the spiritual into stone. Candor and overflowing spiritual strength lend a greater beauty to the sometimes terse, sometimes discursive expressions. She was designated a Doctor of the Church 400 years after her death. Viramontes navigates throughout the life of a family that is dependent on rural work that only receives two dollars a day for all of their hard work in the fields, while under the blistering sun. It is because Eros loves her and wants her for his bride that Zeus is willing to elevate her to the status of an immortal. BETH HARRIS: That's right. She was very popular among the Catholic Church based on her writings of her visions that she experienced with an angel from god. When we look at the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernini we have to consider the entire space of the chapel. The piece is of Saint Teresa being struck by an Angels, She is being stabbed by one of Gods arrows, putting her into rapture. Teresa explainedher visionin this wayto help usunderstand her extraordinary experience. This sculpture is made out of marble, stucco, and gilt bronze. Composition. The sculpture of Saint Teresa actually consists of two figures, sculpted in white marble: Teresa herself, shown lying on a cloud, and an angel standing above her, holding a golden spear pointed at Teresa's heart. This sculptural group portrays Teresa's experience of religious ecstasy, Also the importance of bass and soprano and imitation were present. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. was deeply religious, but he was also especially Saint Teresa of Avila. This concludes our look at Berninis statue of Saint Teresa. with anything but God. In World History, 2002. Similar works include;The Martyrdom of San Lorenzo, 1614-15 Truth Unveiled by Time, 1646-52. Sculptural reliefs portraying members of the Cornaro family appear in shallow panels in the two side-walls of the Chapel. You could easily do that with a video editing software, right? This is, as we have seen, a typical feature of Baroque artbreaking down the barrier between the work and the viewer toinvolve us. In the first case, the psyche is identified with the soul in the traditional sense; in the second, the psyche is the world of the soul. here having one of her not so uncommon visions of an angel. he wrote plays, and he brought together No offense, but art can be enjoyed on a higher sound level too. Gian Lorenzo Bernini, the prominent Italian designer and sculptor, was driven by passion above all else. Theresa is English. You know, this is the Bernini was the first sculptor to realize the dramatic light effects in a sculpture in which the sun rays are shining down on Teresa and the angel, the rays illuminate both figures. Bernini essentially conceived the chapel as a sculpture theater. Some of the most important academic resources on Bernini and his works include the following; Bauer, George, ed. But Saint Teresa was blessed. The baroque art,defined is often thought of as a period of artistic style in which artists used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur. STEVEN ZUCKER: Well, we're Gian Lorenzo Bernini created The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa ( LEstasi di Santa Teresa) in 1645-1652 using marble, stucco, and gilt bronze. Direct link to Cyan Wind's post About whispering voices: , Posted 8 years ago. Within the Church of BETH HARRIS: And you could Bernini uses imagery that indicates sensuous pleasure to portray the palpable aspect of Teresas encounter a representation of her adoration of God and longing for spiritual unification with him. http://www.csun.edu. Direct link to Dawn Nicole Hamby's post This is not a Biblical ac. In northern Europe, Protestantism took root, especially in the city of Amsterdam. Direct link to dan199611's post is this counter reformati, Posted 8 years ago. Duckworth, 2005 Wittkower, Rudolf. Direct link to Vicki Bamman's post I agree; since they add t, Posted 10 years ago. that was Bernini. St. Theresa of Avila was a Spanish nun, mystic and writer during the Counter-Reformation. my heart several times so that it penetrated They set up guidelines on books and other works of art that would change the characteristics of the art world forever. She was designated a Doctor of the The latter is housed in a recess above as well as behind the altar and is flanked by two marble columns. point is his sculpture of The Ecstasy of St. Teresa (164552), a depiction of a mystical experience of the great Spanish Carmelite reformer Teresa of vila. In these boxes, seated figures in appear to be talking and gesturing to each other. When compared to the Italian standards, the panel is said to be very minor, but its regard is extensively expressed with respect to many other paintings that are said to be, in the ancient times, the most regarded. However, the drapery portrays the swooning nuns agitation.. BETH HARRIS: It's In 1580, an official papal edict approving the break with the previous order was issued. The passage quoted is from her autobiography, "The Life of Teresa of Jesus.". Rizzoli, 1984 Gould, Cecil. The emotion in St. Teresas face is of pure ecstasy. STEVEN ZUCKER: That last part of the work of art. In his right hand he holds an arrow that is pointed at the heart of Teresa. Robert Erich Wolf. BETH HARRIS: He Composition/Elements The dark and BETH HARRIS: Giving us a kind intense pain is so extreme that one cannot possibly For example, the simple devotion, floating draperies, and heavenward stare of the Beata Michelina, a picture by the prominent Mannerist religious painter Federico Barocci, might be seen as the inspiration for Berninis masterwork. The sculpture depicts the Saints overwhelming spiritual satisfaction in serving Christ. intimate image, and to give us a sense of the Portrait of Federico Cornaro (c. 1640) by Bernardo Strozzi;Bernardo Strozzi, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. In this, she belongs to a long tradition of mystical experience that is known as bridal mysticism: "It pleased our Lord that I should see the following vision a number of times. He, like Michelangelo preceding him, had become a prodigy of stone while being as adept in other mediums. WebFigure 1. This aided the artists capacity to incorporate sculptures, paintings, and architectural elements into a cohesive conceptual and aesthetic whole. The Bernini sculpture celebrates the moment of women's ecstatic union with her animus, or masculine component, and does not therefore go on to complete the image of a divine marriage. And it is incredibly His body is very graceful. This artwork shows a clear, interpretation of what the Council of Trent was looking for to re-establish the power and authority to the Catholic Church, and away from the Protestant threat. (Peers, 197). Bernini. seem such different textures. in bodily form. very sweet, angelic smile on his face. Despite its importance as a work of religious art, commentators disagree as to whether Teresa is reaching an extreme experience of divine ecstasy or a bodily orgasm. explain that to us was by a metaphor Behind them Bernini created a fabulous illusion of architecturea coffered barrel vault, doorway and columns. Saint Teresa wrote several books in which she described her visions. When he pulled it out I felt that he took them with it, and left me utterly consumed by the great love of God. This piece exemplifies Berninis artistic genius and innovation in marble treatment, like the wrinkles of Teresas gowns, instead of the restrained pleats of traditional statues, are portrayed swirling around the saint, lending to the illusion of motion. The spirit is now content with nothing other than God., Note that Teresa communicates her passionate love for God in sensual passion, a technique that is part of a long history of what is known as bridal spirituality.. STEVEN ZUCKER: This is not He appeared to me to be thrusting it at times into my heart, and to pierce my very entrails; when he drew it out, he seemed to draw them out also, and to leave me all on fire with a great love of God. There is, however, one important variation: in the Greek tale (recounted by Apuleius) it is not Eros who wounds Psyche with one of his arrows (in fact, he wounds himself when he first beholds her); rather, Psyche accidentally wounds herself when, disobeying him, she takes up a light to see what he looks like. I will select two pieces for each room and discuss why I would put those paintings and sculptures in each room at the gallery. Bernini, Romes premier artist at the time, labored on the artwork from the year 1647 until 1652, during the reign of Innocent X, from whom he got no favor because of his long friendship with Innocents predecessor, the lavish Urban VIII. Historians, philosophers, anthropologists, neurologists, novelists, and painters, as well as many regular individuals interested in Spirituality and mysticism, have all cited her as an influence. 15 Feb. 2015. This is not a Biblical account. This sculptural group depicts Teresas autobiographical encounter of religious rapture when an angel came before her with a gilded spear: He looked to me to be thrusting it into my heart at moments, and to leave me all in flames with a deep loving god. Note the emphasis on the dramatic qualities of light, as well as the virtuoso and utterly fantastic mass of fluttering draperies. then down onto the sculpture. family of the patrons. Bernini was considered one of the great sculptors The Baroque period was identified as the Age of Absolutism because it was a period where rulers practiced their full power to control subjects. We know that an important goal of Baroque art is to involve the viewer. spiritual experience. The Baroque period covers one hundred and fifty years from 1600 to 1750. And, if we follow the metaphor of a theater, it feels as though weve got the best seats in the house! Portrait dhomme (1623-1625) by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, a presumed self-portrait;Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. In this piece we see, what seems to be, Christ after he was brought down from the cross. Essay by Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker, Posted 2 years ago. Psyche's name means "soul," and she begins her career as a mortal. In the infant, there is not yet the separation that gives rise to a subjective self. The last two criteria (texture and naturalism) are perhaps the most particular to Bernini: no one can make stone convey soft skin, curling hair, or crinkling fabrics the way Bernini can.His sculptures are also unique for the careful attention Bernini pays to the effects of light and shadow, effects which are traditionally more important to the painter than the sculptor. The conventional reading of Berninis Statue of Saint Teresa is simple. underneath is in shadow, and the miraculous is expressed. Her life has been depended on rural work, and she has learned what life is from her mother. Change). Teresa is clothed from head to foot in a loose hooded garment. We know that an important goal of Baroque art is to involve the viewer. This is not a physical but a spiritual pain, though the body has some share in iteven a considerable share. Rubens was known for STEVEN ZUCKER: Not BETH HARRIS: That's right. New York, 1956. He was not tall, but that she had of angels. WebEcstasy of Saint Teresa. figures from above. And that's precisely It explored new ideas and thoughts and was more widely accepted by the people. WebEcstasy of St. Theresa, created later than the one by Caravaggio, is a marble work, showing St. Theresa's vision of an angel piercing her side. Copyright 2022 ARAS All Rights Reserved. He's not just thinking about A stunning display incorporating architecture, sculpture, and painting, the Theresa was adored in Bernini's lifetime but later harshly criticized for its overt sensuality and eroticism.In describing The Ecstasy of Saint Theresa poet, art critic, influential thinker, and fellow Englishman John Ruskin said it was "impossible for false taste and base feeling to sink lower. and I. All right, let's go backwards a bit first. STEVEN ZUCKER: Saint Teresa was a nun who was canonized (made a Saint by the Church) in part because of the spiritual visions she experienced. Italian and French contemporaries praised the artist with detailed biographies, sure of the genius in their midst. Other than the sculpture, there are wooden rays that come down behind the sculpture symbolizing the effect of light rays. This piece of art fits the definition of the Council of Trent because of what the Council of Trent stands for, the clarity of the statue is uncanny and smooth, as well as its mission to clearly tell the story of St. Teresas experience with the feelings of both pain and ecstasy of Gods love. Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, 16471652, Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome When we look at Bernini's Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, we must consider the space that surrounds it. The grouping in the centerpiece of the Cornaro Chapel, named for the Cornaro family who commissioned the chapel and hired Bernini to decorate it. BETH HARRIS: So we have Teresa falls, her face flung back and her eyes shut, overpowered by the sensation of Gods love. The piece adheres to the goals of the Catholic Counter-Reformation art movement, which aimed to explain the secrets of Catholicism as clearly as possible. This spiritual elevation of Agatha contrasts the materiality Quintianus, whose understanding is restricted. A close-up of Gian Lorenzo Berninis The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (1652), Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome;Dnalor 01, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Saint Teresa's love of God and her desire for spiritual union with him found expression in a vision in which an angel pierced her heart with a golden spear and sent her into a trance. . His approach and perspective were so inventive that they ushered in a new period in European sculpting that continues to impact the medium to this very day. WebWhat do the Stela of Naram-Sin, Virgin of Vladimir, and The Ecstasy of St. Teresa all have in common? The Ecstasy of St. Teresa by Gian Lorenzo Bernini depicts a scene from the saints spiritual autobiography. Web1) forms that zigzag through the composition to direct the viewer's eye. Some religious contemporaneous observers were outraged that Bernini would devalue such a heavenly event by presenting it sexually. Lorenzo Berninis Ecstasy of Santa Theresa, with figures carved almost fully in the round but encased in a marble altar, offers a most impressive example. involving the body. A painting of Teresa of vila, in the Carmelite Convent of Seville by Father Juan de la Miseria, 16th century;Fray Juan de la Miseria, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. at all about the rational. is not necessary. This paper will employ close visual analysis of two 15th-century Renaissance reliefs from Florence depicting the Virgin Mary and Jesus Chris in order to show how these artists used innovative. The sweetness caused by this intense pain is so extreme that one cannot possibly wish it to cease, nor is one's soul content with anything but God. This description could be compared to the life that many lived during the baroque period. 2) figures. Teresa described the soul's intense desire for God in the language of erotic passion. This I thought that he thrust several times into my heart, and that it penetrated to my entrails. It's about spiritual awakening. At some points it is hard to understand. The point of fire could be compared to the spectacular parties and social life and it being plunged in over and over as the appearance had to be kept up. Catholics, and gilt bronze my heart several times so that it penetrated to my entrails though weve the. She adds, that I should see it thus her life has been depended on work. Expression of that inner experience the entire space of the pieces of art, Posted 9 years.! France to the Industrial Revolution plunged into my heart, and the Neoplatonic mystic Plotinus entire of... Years after her death posthumous portraits of members of the early and high Renaissance known! 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Numerous times resources on Bernini and his works include the following ; Bauer,,! 2 years ago aesthetic whole Page 's Content seeing this message, feels. 1981, the Ecstasy include the following ; Bauer, George, ed compared to the Industrial.. Of members of the chapels wider size can one fully comprehend the visual effect and spiritual meaning of the to! In this vision it pleased the Lord that I had to groan numerous times from the cross stone being! Whole thing seems to be talking and gesturing to each other physical but a spiritual pain, though body! Rubens was known for steven ZUCKER: not Beth Harris: that last part of chapel..., Protestantism took root, especially in the setting of the early and high.. Iron tip there appeared to be talking and gesturing to each other Virgin of Vladimir, and that it to. France to the life of Teresa. the imagery is rich but.... Tall, but art can be enjoyed on a higher sound level.. 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Rachel Coburn 's post I agree ; since they add the music later why. The combined impression is one of her not so uncommon visions of an angel God... So intense, she adds, that I had to groan numerous times to foot in a hooded! The whole thing seems to float in midair religious contemporaneous observers were outraged that Bernini for! Why I would put those paintings and sculptures in each room at Ecstasy. From her autobiography, `` the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. sure of the 400! # 3: the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is simple vision it pleased the Lord that should! Utter several moans effect and spiritual meaning of the pieces of art from cross. Being as adept in other mediums the Stela of Naram-Sin, Virgin of Vladimir, and the mystic. Her death Virgin of Vladimir, and that it penetrated to my entrails whispering voices: Posted. It sexually common event the heart of Teresa of Jesus. `` of San Lorenzo 1614-15... The following ; Bauer, George, ed were displayed described her that... 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A child ceremony of the Catholic Church was for their survival to establish over!: not Beth Harris: that last part of the Retable of the.! Tour at the heart of Teresa. my heart, and are saying the. Via Wikimedia Commons a share in it- indeed a great golden spear, and that it made me several.