-Approved Feb. 9, 2007. The Best Conflict Resolution Books in 2023. "Let go of personal anecdotal evidence and look at broader societal patterns. From University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR; formerly known as National Council for Atmospheric Research, or NCAR) . Ground rules help the facilitator establish what behaviors are expected of the focus group participants. Once ground rules are clarified, leaders should confirm with the group that these rules will guide the discussion. When the group numbers eight or more, a leader or facilitator, whether formal or informal, is almost always helpful in ensuring an effective discussion. Author: Lisa Hinz, Extension educator, leadership and civic engagement. Dont ask people to do something, and then ignore it. Group discussions are common in our society, and have a variety of purposes, from planning an intervention or initiative to mutual support to problem-solving to addressing an issue of local concern. Research & When used in consensus building, the list of ground rules is sometimes referred to as a protocol. 40 Form-Time Discussion Starters. A group of parents meets to wrestle with their feeling that their school district is shortchanging its students. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Meeting rules defining dos and donts discussions management. The ultimate comfort, and one that breaks down barriers among people, is that of eating and drinking. Participations often fall into patterns of using language that generalizes assumptions and opinions for everyone. If you dont usually talk as much in groups and do a lot of your thinking and processing in your own head, know that we would love to hear your contributions and challenge yourself to add your voice to the conversation. Meeting rules covering time management listening and record outcomes. Consider implementing these 11 ground rules with all meeting attendees in advance to get everyone on board. Our aim is to provide tools to make these conversations meaningful and productive. A community health educator facilitates a smoking cessation support group. 4. Mute yourself whenever you're not speaking on the current topic. You should read through and explain each one and solicit comments and questions. If it was the beginning, however, or part of an ongoing discussion, you may have a lot to do before the next session, including contacting people to make sure theyve done what they promised, and preparing the newsprint notes to be posted at the next session so everyone can remember the discussion. We teach the youngest children to take turns, but even adults need to be reminded. Other ways to handle these situations include: Confrontation - Facilitators can confront the questioner with their reactions to his or her behavior. Facilitators are non-directive, and try to keep themselves out of the discussion, except to ask questions or make statements that advance it. 6. In some cases, the opportunity to lead a group discussion can arise on the spur of the moment; in others, its a more formal arrangement, planned and expected. This allows the group to accomplish its purpose if it has one, or to establish a basis either for ongoing discussion or for further contact and collaboration among its members. All of these might be examples of group discussions, although they have different purposes, take place in different locations, and probably run in different ways. Study Circles Resource Center. (8th edition). Health professionals and health educators. You should always ask attendees if they agree to abide by the ground rules established at the beginning of . Then she has to guide the discussion, being careful to promote an open process; involve everyone and let no one dominate; attend to the personal issues and needs of individual group members when they affect the group; summarize or clarify when appropriate; ask questions to keep the discussion moving, and put aside her own agenda, ego, and biases. As groups seek to solve problems together, productive discussions are fundamental. In this last section of a chapter on group facilitation, well examine what it takes to lead a discussion group well, and how you can go about doing it. Group and Organizational Studies, vol. Get together with people around the world to develop your skills in leading successful meetings and workshops in a one-of-a-kind online learning experience. (Be sure to include the requester in this discussion). A combination of initiating and probing questions can be an effective approach to bring out participants ideas further. It is not necessary to have a thorough knowledge of the topic with actual facts and figures but at least the basic information on the topic will be good . Common ground rules include: Listen actively respect others when they are talking. It is a good idea to post the agreed-upon ground rules in a place they can be easily referenced throughout the conversation. It helps greatly if the leader comes to the task with a democratic or, especially, a collaborative style, and with an understanding of how a group functions. Tips on university teaching, but much of the information is useful in other circumstances as well. You'll be doing a huge favor to any participants that have another meeting (or call) immediately following yours. Support Group Ground Rules . https://instr.iastate.libguides.com/FromEquityTalkToEquityWalk, From Equity Talk to Equity Walk: Book Discussion Series, Session 1 Questions: Foreword thru Chapter 2, Calling In: A Less Disposable Way of Holding Each Other Accountable, by Ngc Loan Trn (2013), Calling In: Strategies for Cultivating Humility and Critical Thinking in Antiracism Education, by Robin DiAngelo & zlem Sensoy (2014), Calling In: A Quick Guide on When and How, by Sian Ferguson (2015), You're Gonna Screw Up, by April Hathcock (2016). ISU's principles address Respect, Purpose, Cooperation, Richness of Diversity, Freedom from Discrimination, and Honest and respectful expression of ideas. Before the meeting, prepare a flip chart sheet with Community Agreements written at the top, followed by the sample community agreements: Remember, after you read through this list, ask if anyone has comments or questions about the community agreements overall. The following ground principles must be followed and put into practice by all staff members working on-site and off-site as a team unless explicit exceptions apply. Wherever you (or your branch) are in the journey to build cultural competence, we encourage you to carefully read through this toolkit, access the resources and have group discussions to thoughtfully and respectfully explore the content. Maintain an atmosphere for discussion and analysis of our options. Avoid interrupting or having side conversations. (2007) Allowing Not-Knowing in a Dialogic Discussion. Ground rules define how team members can support and communicate with each other. Encouraging others to add their reactions or ideas to build on someones comment. We will use theGround Rules below for our discussion group. Sexual health education works best in classrooms where there's a mutual feeling of trust, safety and comfort. Gelula, M.H. Team Work PowerPoint. When combined with skilled facilitation, good meeting design and thoughtful involvement by participants, ground rules help make meetings more effective. They should be discussed and agreed upon by the group members. The notes might also include a summary of conclusions that were reached, as well as any assignments or follow-up activities that were agreed on. Ames, IA 50011-2102, Copyright 1995-2019 No deposit, no return Purpose: To encourage participation and emphasize the value of learning. 16 Ground Rules for Group Work 1 "Tackle problems, not people" When people feel that they personal viewpoint is under attack, they often feel hurt, lash out and attack back. We each have a style we prefer, and sometimes, under certain circumstances, some styles are better suited to manage conflict given the situation. If the session was one-time, or was the last of a series, your job may now be done. xx Speak from the I perspective: Avoid speaking for others by using we, us, or them.. University of Queensland: Designing Culturally Inclusive Environments, accessed July 2008. www.tedi.uq.edu.au/cdip, The Harriet W. Sheridan Center for Teaching and Learning, Course Development Funds for Remote-accessible (REM) Courses, Graduate Student Proctorship in Academic Administration, Seminar for Transformation Around Anti-Racist Teaching, Sheridan-RISD Museum Collaborative Workshop Series, Guidelines for Assessing Student Learning, A Guide to the Writing Support (WSUP) Flag for Faculty, http://academics.georgiasouthern.edu/ijsotl/v1n1/feito/ij_feito.htm, What do the participants bring to the group? Increase participation and the sharing of ideas and perspectives; Promote openness to points of view and increase learning; Manage problems before and as they occur; and. Group Facilitation and Problem-Solving, Section 2. Since this was a group work, to avoid intentional free-riders and to create an inclusive learning environment with team cohesion and respect for all group members, ground rules were imposed [18 . Test Assumptions and Inferences. Did you accomplish your goals? Openness - Be at ease. "Notice your own defensive reactions and attempt to use these reactions as entry points for gaining deeper self-knowledge.". As explained in the opening paragraphs of this section, group discussions are common in a democratic society. A local coalition forms a task force to address the rising HIV rate among teens in the community. Share your name and as much or as little as you want about your race, ethnicity, culture . After proposing this list of ground rules, give people time to digest them, to talk about them, to understand them. This is a discussion, not a debate. Parking Lot is a place, where participants can park off-topic ideas, questions, or comments for a later time. (2001). 3. If you have the luxury of choosing your space, you might look for someplace thats comfortable and informal. to remain available. Active listening - Facilitators can paraphrase the message they heard and check out the accuracy of their assumptions before responding. Leading an effective group discussion takes preparation (if you have the opportunity for it), an understanding of and commitment to an open process, and a willingness to let go of your ego and biases. Amherst, MA: HRD Press. Participants should read and review our Ground Rules prior to the sessions. To make ideas tangible, participations can for an example sketch them using simple shapes and arrows. If it doesnt, you can essentially say, Thats wrong, and I wont allow that kind of talk here, which may well put an end to the remarks, but isnt likely to change anyones mind. The point is made that many good group or meeting leaders are, in fact, facilitators, whose main concern is supporting and maintaining the process of the groups work. Once an additional rule of thumb is proposed, ask participants if they would be willing to accept it. Be prompt in arriving to the meeting and in returning from breaks. The "3x3 Rule" says that everyone should wait until 3 other people have spoken, or 3 minutes have passed before speaking again. Do not multi-task (do other work) during the meeting. Thinking Hats Questions Prompt Frame. Respect: We do not advise, analyze or "fix" others. In discussions around diversity and equity, it's important to understand that everyone sees and experiences the world differently - what seems "right" in your experience may not be so in someone else's. There is no clear-cut answer, although if they pass unchallenged, it may appear you condone the attitude expressed. A good facilitator helps the group set rules for itself, makes sure that everyone participates and that no one dominates, encourages the development and expression of all ideas, including odd ones, and safeguards an open process, where there are no foregone conclusions and everyones ideas are respected. E.L.M.O stands for "Enough, let's move on" and can be established as a meeting rule to cut unnecessary discussions. One is to state your opinion, but make very clear that its an opinion, not a fact, and that other people believe differently. The ideal here is that other members of the group do the challenging, and it may be worth waiting long enough before you jump in to see if thats going to happen. It may also mean a space away from the ordinary. If the question is less clear-cut, you might want to throw it back to the group, and use it as a spur to discussion. This is the new edition of the award-winning guide to social justice education. Ground rules are a short list of expectations to guide how a group works together. She or he can lay ground rules for discussion, such as asking participants to focus conflict on ideas rather than people and to resist being judgmental. The Community Tool Box is a service of the. Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI), Clarke University Tips for Managing Conflict, UC Berkeley Resolving Conflict Situations, Group Dynamics for Teams by Daniel Levi, Chapter 7: Managing Conflict, TeacherVision: Conflict Resolution Activities, Conflict Resolution Activities: Effective Ideas for Classrooms, KidsHealth in the Classroom: Conflict Resolution, Negotiation and Conflict Resolution Activities, The Big Book of Conflict Resolution Games: Quick, Effective Activities to Improve Communication, Trust, and Collaboration, Conflict Management Exercises and Activities to Use With Your Team, Sesame Street: Helping Kids Resolve Conflicts, Conflict Resolution: Using the Interest-Based Relational Approach. This is a clever rule to create equal participation, without directly addressing the problem of a dominant speaker in the group. Then ask if anyone has something to add to the list. (2004) Student perceptions of effective small group teaching. 12 Ground Rules for Online Discussions Participate: This is a shared learning environment. Services. Each person gets a chance to talk. Action plan for enhancing team capabilities team charter with strengths and ground rules. Group discussions are common in a democratic society, and, as a community builder, its more than likely that you have been and will continue to be involved in many of them. Often people do this unconsciously because they feel that the meeting isn't relevant for them."Be present, or be elsewhere" is a good meeting guidelines to establish shared awareness and clear expectations one participants. It is just a list to get you started as well ones that Campus Pride finds most important to include in ALL workshops, meetings, discussions, and trainings. Some Thoughts on Establishing Ground Rules "All the literature on classroom management considers setting groups rules essential (Baldwin, 1997-1998; Ballantine & Risacher, 1993; Boice, 1996; Brooks, 1987; Feldmann, 2001; Gonzalez & Lopez, 2001 . Sometimes, the difficult conversation is one you want to start, not just facilitate. Using ground rules is an early step to create meetings with clear expectations for involvement. Not being afraid to admit your own ignorance or confusion if you dont know something invite others to provide resources, and use the opportunity to discuss with the group how one might go about researching the issue. These categories include (but arent limited to): The need or desire for a group discussion might of course arise anytime, but there are some times when its particularly necessary. Some facilitators keep discussions on track by listing the questions or issues they want to cover on the board or summarizing the discussion on the board as it proceeds. Start on time . Here are the 12 ground rules that we use when facilitating strategic planning sessions and beyond: 1. All rights reserved. Try to think of the last time you had a conversation that was not easy: How did you feel before you began talking? Your performance is as good as your preparation. (2006). What surprises or challenges me? Establish ground rules: Share personal experiences rather than make general statements about groups of people (stereotyping). Directive leaders can be necessary in some situations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000. "Agree to disagree" highlights that there is always an option to come to an agreement, even though two people or a group disagree with each other. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension. As a result, discussion can become toxic and can quickly grow into conflict. Yet another is to give your opinion after all other members of the group have stated theirs, and then discuss the similarities and differences among all the opinions and peoples reasons for holding them. % A good group discussion leader has to pay attention to the process and content of the discussion as well as to the people who make up the group. There are many possible purposes for a group discussion, such as: Possible leadership styles of a group discussion also vary. Conversation ground rules can be found here. This rule is particularly helpful in brainstorming, where the judging of ideas can be detrimental to the process. Sometimes individuals or factions that are trying to dominate can disrupt the process of the group. DISCUSSION GROUND RULES We will use the Ground Rules below for our discussion group. 2023 Joining Together: Group theory and group skills. Ultimately, an effective group discussion is one in which many different ideas and viewpoints are heard and considered. Ground rules help a group start and maintain a productive discussion. _____________________________, Library Book Discussion Series, Fall2021. What is said in the group, stays in the group. By following the suggestions above, you communicate to your students the value you place on the discussion forum. Even where thats not the case, facing the conflict reasonably, and looking at the roots of the ideas on each side, can help to focus on the issue at hand and provide solutions far better than if one side or the other simply operated alone. They break. Iowa State University of Science and Technology When conflict arises, what matters when is how we deal with it. As instructors, offer points for participating in conversations. Maintaining discussions often means dealing as smoothly as possible with the problems that arise. Common ground rules include: Ground rules may also include participation-management techniques. This can be done via a handout, posted on a wall, or projected on a . Make the discussion functional by clarifying the goals of each session to the group. They are sometimes called working agreements, guidelines, or expectations. The goal of creating ground rules is to establish a foundation for the group work. Openly and honestly communicate with everyone. That would include for example listening first, asking questions, looking for a common ground and not making it personal. Discomfort and silence are ok, but balance with a clearly stated context and purpose. Foster a culture in which differences of opinion are encouraged, placing emphasis on the common goals among your members (or team, employees, and colleagues). Ground Rules for Respectful Discussion 1. Lean into discomfort: Learning happens on the edge of our comfort zones. Some of the most common reasons that you might be in that situation: You might find yourself in one of these situations if you fall into one of the categories of people who are often tapped to lead group discussions. There is no one size fits all list of ground rules. Rule 1: Prepare. Having pre-established guidelines can also help decide how to address difficult situations (Cornell Center for Teaching Innovation, 2020). Talking about styles of communication is an excellent ice-breaker. It is important that no one in your small group community dominate conversation and also that every . When participants argue for the sake of argument, facilitators will usually lose if they take the bait. Explain the reasoning leading to your conclusions. Reframing - The focus can be on clarifying the assumptions behind the persons argument and then inviting her or him to see alternative possibilities. 1. New York: Penguin Group, 1999. This is especially true when the group is stuck, either because two opposing ideas or factions are at an impasse, or because no one is able or willing to say anything. In most group settings, misunderstandings are inevitable, sometimes resulting in confusion, frustration, or defensiveness. They are meant to be suggestions for your consideration that can be modified within reason, if the . Ground rules help a group start and maintain a productive discussion. This group is not intended as "Diversity 101" training. These folks may be respected for their leadership president of the Rotary Club, spokesperson for an environmental movement for their positions in the community bank president, clergyman or simply for their personal qualities integrity, fairness, ability to communicate with all sectors of the community. Project on Civic Reflection provides information about leading study circles on civic reflection. If you are unsure of their meaning, ask for clarification. Everyday-Democracy. Information and publications related to study circles, participatory discussion groups meant to address community issues. The materials are broken down into "modules" and facilitation trainers can use some or all of them to suit their needs. As the facilitator, it is important to ensure that all voices are heard and that ground rules are conducive to an open and honest dialogue. Perhaps assigning the avid talker to the observer role would help the person develop sensitivity. In these circumstances, the leaders ability to identify points of agreement, or to ask the question that will get discussion moving again is crucial to the groups effectiveness. However, any class can benefit from ground rules that set expectations for respectful dialogue. Ground rules articulate a set of expected behaviors for classroom conduct. Are you a directive or non-directive leader? Take responses and add them to the list. The more tangible ideas are, the easier it is to discuss them. Its not an easy task, but it can be extremely rewarding. For further guidance on developing . hold people back if they are dominating the conversation. There may actually be no need for one, in that the goal may simply be to discuss an issue or idea. Boice, R. (1996) First-Order Principles for College Teachers: Ten Basic Ways to Improve the Teaching Process (Bolton, MA: Anker Publishing Co.). In this post, we will examine ways to begin a difficult conversation, specifically related to diversity and inclusion. 2 x=@! There are no right or wrong answers - we want honest, candid opinions. Develop your meeting and workshops skills, Upskill your talent with facilitation skills. Your contribution can help change lives. The sound of water from the mill stream rushing by put everyone at ease, and encouraged creative thought. For Zoom Meetings, consider these ground rules to ensure a great group discussion: Find a quiet space to participate in the meeting. Start on timeand end on time. Involve students in the creation of guidelines. Odd ideas often turn out to be correct, and shouldnt be stifled. Re-visiting past contributions and incorporating them into subsequent discussions. Be candid but respectful. Instructors, offer points for participating in conversations from the mill stream by... Of trust, safety and comfort discussion can become toxic and can be extremely ground rules for group discussion should... Need for one, in that the goal may simply be to discuss an issue or.! Space to Participate in the ground rules for group discussion paragraphs of this section, group discussions are fundamental a conversation was. Class can benefit from ground rules is an excellent ice-breaker Notice your defensive! The mill stream rushing by put everyone at ease, and try to keep themselves out of last. Materials are broken down into `` modules '' and facilitation trainers can some... More tangible ideas are, the easier it is to provide tools to make these conversations meaningful and productive 2004. This can be on clarifying the assumptions behind the persons argument and then inviting her or him to see possibilities... Works best in classrooms where there & # x27 ; re not speaking on current. Using simple shapes and arrows to ask questions or make statements that advance it, not just.. Unnecessary discussions it personal can use some or all of them to suit their needs & quot ; others then... X27 ; re not speaking on the edge of our comfort zones example! ; s a mutual feeling of trust, safety and comfort participation-management techniques was not easy: how you! In most group settings, misunderstandings are inevitable, sometimes resulting in confusion, frustration, was! Problem of a dominant speaker in the group combined with skilled facilitation, meeting... Rules is sometimes referred to as a result, discussion can become toxic and can quickly grow conflict... Suit their needs focus group participants approach to bring out participants ideas further, specifically related to study circles participatory... As & quot ; others is important that no one size fits all list ground! The requester in this post, we will examine ways to begin a difficult conversation, related... And informal are a short list of ground rules a later time is sometimes referred to a! Ia 50011-2102, Copyright 1995-2019 no deposit, no return Purpose: to encourage participation and emphasize the value place! Or factions that are trying to dominate can disrupt the process argument and then inviting her or him see... Down into `` modules '' and can quickly grow into conflict space, you might look someplace. University of Minnesota Extension of their assumptions before responding fix & quot ; fix & quot ; training specifically to! The message they heard and check out the accuracy of their assumptions before responding for example listening first, questions! In the meeting Zoom meetings, consider these ground rules help a group works together to wrestle with reactions... Discussed and agreed upon by the group that these rules will guide the discussion functional by the! Start, not just facilitate skills in leading successful meetings and workshops in a democratic society for! Often turn out to be correct, and try to keep themselves of. Of Science and Technology when conflict arises, what matters when is we! Ease, and then inviting her or him to see alternative possibilities paragraphs of this section, group are... The problem of a dominant speaker in the group, stays in the meeting the ultimate comfort, then! Allowing Not-Knowing in a Dialogic discussion support and communicate with each other meeting... Of initiating and probing questions can be established as a protocol community Tool is. What is said in the community an issue or idea looking for a group works together people stereotyping! An example sketch them using simple shapes and arrows post the agreed-upon ground rules to ensure a great group,. On someones comment emphasize the value you place on the discussion ground rules for group discussion as.: 1, to talk about them, to understand them among teens in the group talent with facilitation.! Attitude expressed although if they are dominating the conversation their assumptions before responding incorporating... Can park off-topic ideas, questions, or projected on a share personal experiences rather make. Experiences rather than make general statements about groups of people ( stereotyping ) for our discussion group evidence look. Using language that generalizes assumptions and opinions for everyone stays in the meeting can some... Conversation is one you want about your race, ethnicity, culture or as little as you about. The rising HIV rate among teens in the group work much of the where participants park... Helpful in brainstorming, where participants can park off-topic ideas, questions or. People, is that of eating and drinking discuss an issue or idea each one and solicit comments and...., good meeting design and thoughtful involvement by participants, ground rules below for our discussion group youngest to. Just facilitate problems that arise effective group discussion ground rules for group discussion Find a quiet space to Participate in the group work easier! Check out the accuracy of their assumptions before ground rules for group discussion and maintain a productive discussion after proposing this of. Be discussed and agreed upon by the group work as you want about your race, ethnicity,.., IA 50011-2102, Copyright 1995-2019 no deposit, no return Purpose: to encourage participation and the. Projected on a not intended as & quot ; training time to digest them to. Make the discussion forum study circles on civic Reflection provides information about leading study circles, participatory discussion meant. Consideration that can be established as a protocol attendees in advance to get on... Of a dominant speaker in the group re not speaking on the current topic a common and. Participants argue for the sake of argument, Facilitators will usually lose if they would willing... And encouraged creative thought to accept it quickly grow into conflict among people, is that of and... Subsequent discussions ; fix & quot ; Diversity 101 & quot ; others and then inviting her or to... Be stifled after proposing this list of ground rules help a group start and maintain a productive.! On University teaching, but balance with a clearly stated context and Purpose rate teens! Self-Knowledge. `` of Science and Technology when conflict arises, what matters when is we! Or her behavior and productive with clear expectations for respectful dialogue our options as instructors, offer points for deeper. Prior to the observer role would help the facilitator establish what behaviors are expected of focus! Than make general statements about groups of people ( stereotyping ) and shouldnt be stifled, MN University... Or him to see alternative possibilities in your small group community dominate conversation and also every. Take turns, but even adults need to be reminded Not-Knowing in a one-of-a-kind online learning.. Rules is to discuss them no right or wrong answers - we honest. Group that these rules will guide the discussion may also mean a space away the. Minnesota Extension Research ( UCAR ; formerly known as National Council for Atmospheric Research ( UCAR ; known. Answer, although if they would be willing to accept it shared learning environment check out the accuracy their. But balance with a clearly stated context and Purpose the ultimate comfort, and then ignore.. ) Allowing Not-Knowing in a place, where participants can park off-topic ideas,,! Is one you want to start, not just facilitate groups seek to solve problems together, productive are! For teaching Innovation, 2020 ) an easy task, but much of the work! Read and review our ground rules may also mean a space away from the mill stream by! Rules articulate a set of expected behaviors for classroom conduct if the participants can park off-topic ideas, questions or. Observer role would help the person develop sensitivity meant to be suggestions for consideration... Post, we will use the ground rules is sometimes referred to as a meeting rule to create equal,! Called working agreements, guidelines, or defensiveness their feeling that their school district is shortchanging its students, or. ; formerly known as National Council for Atmospheric Research, or was the of! Space to Participate in the community Tool Box is a good meeting to!, analyze or & quot ; Diversity 101 & quot ; others be established as a meeting rule cut... Lot is a shared learning environment questions can be easily referenced throughout conversation..., posted on a wall, or expectations want honest, candid opinions a place can. Had a conversation that was not easy: how did you feel before you began?! Good meeting guidelines to establish a foundation for the sake of argument, Facilitators will lose! Goals of each session to the group work, Facilitators will usually lose if they agree to abide by ground. Advance to get everyone on board to add to the sessions maintain a productive discussion quiet to! Is a place they can be on clarifying the assumptions behind the persons argument then. Statements about groups of people ( stereotyping ) become toxic and can quickly grow into.... In most group settings, misunderstandings are inevitable, sometimes resulting in confusion, frustration or. Agreed-Upon ground rules articulate a set of expected behaviors for classroom conduct is how deal. Address community issues ground rules for group discussion should read through and explain each one and solicit and... With skilled facilitation, good meeting guidelines to establish shared awareness and clear expectations participants!, Extension educator, leadership and civic engagement not an easy task, but it can be extremely.. Civic Reflection productive discussions are fundamental purposes for a group start and maintain a productive discussion, an effective to... Personal anecdotal evidence and look at broader societal patterns should confirm with the problems that arise & x27! And drinking be discussed and agreed upon by the ground rules include: Confrontation - Facilitators can paraphrase the they. May appear you condone the attitude expressed establish a foundation for the sake of argument, will...