_______ were abandoned ships that the English converted to hold convicts during a period of prison crowding between 1776 and 1790. d. individual program supervision. c. significantly affected the delivery of programs. >>Motion for Directed Verdict/Dismissal Nearly _________ of those in jail have a history of mental problem. a. gather national statistics on prison rape. c. reduce crime. For each of the following events, draw the new market outcome and say whether the equilibrium price and quantity will increase or decrease. Overall, jail population sizes tend to be _________. d. forgotten offenders. 2014 Development costs were incurred as follows: September30throughDecember31,2018$2,200,000January1throughFebruary28,2019800,000March1throughApril30,2019400,000\begin{array}{lr}\text { September } 30 \text { through December } 31,2018 & \$ 2,200,000 \\ \text { January } 1 \text { through February } 28,2019 & 800,000 \\ \text { March } 1 \text { through April } 30,2019 & 400,000\end{array} a. telephone-pole design. c. control debt-collection rackets within the institution. b. reduce reliance on prisons. >>Motions after Verdict During the colonial period, most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from _____ and adapted to local conditions. Long-term liabilities d. has not been calculated. The ______ was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth. c. Commissary privileges are a right for all inmates. a. lower class What case was instrumental in ensuring that women's prisons had programs comparable to that of male prisons? b. recreational services. a. more violent than in male prisons. Home confinement is best suited to: Prisons designed to hold the "toughest of the tough" are called: b. control gambling and extortion within the institution. In giving the instructions, the judge will state the issues in the case and define any terms or words that may not be familiar to the jurors. He or she will discuss the standard of proof that jurors should apply to the case - beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case, preponderance of the evidence in a civil case. a. it is too impersonal. Judicial discretion refers to a judge's power to make a decision based on their individualized evaluation, guided by the principles of law. b. always The effectiveness of correctional strategies is ________. a. more available programming. Common stock, $10 par $1,200,000 c. similar programming. d. greater power among treatment officials, c. increased prestige within the inmate social system. https://quizlet.com/97734104/corrections-ch-9-12-regionals-flash-cards Find, to the nearest dollar, the difference in the monthly payments for these two loans. d. all of these. The American penitentiary was first conceptualized by _________. Sometimes judges will explain what basic facts are in dispute, and what facts do not matter to the case. The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the _________ system of corrections. In giving the instructions, the judge will state the issues in the case and define any terms or words that may not be familiar to the jurors. In short, the jurors determine the facts and reach a verdict, within the guidelines of the law as determined by the judge. The relationship between prison crowding and violence is: a. was able to achieve limited success. d. intermediate sanctions. a. educational d. 80 to 90 percent. d. Gang, Each year approximately ___________ correctional staff members are assaulted by inmates. Judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: According to the text, corrections can be seen as a series of processes and _________. b. b. Latino. b. newcomer. What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? Prison based programs designed for women often include which of the following: d. courtyard style, The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. _______ refers to a type of probation granted with conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload. c. one half d. Elizabeth Franklin. In 2003 the Prison Rape Elimination Act was created in order to: Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles? Approximately ______ of female inmates are currently incarcerated for violent offenses. Studies of non-prison alternatives find that even the most successful programs enroll _________ convicted people who would otherwise have been incarcerated. The new movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between standard probation and prison is called: WebIn a criminal trial, the defendant's lawyer can ask for a motion to dismiss the charges, arguing that the government has failed to prove its case. d. misdemeanants. Many, if not most, defendants housed in jails are ______. America's oldest prison was built in 1798. To combat ambiguities in classification correctional administration have started using _________. b. socialization. d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences, d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences. c. the yard. >>Jury Deliberations c. limited. The court can make an order that means you have to be at home at a particular address between certain hours of the day or night. b. extortion c. in shock incarceration 16-24 They assist in the socialization of the new inmate. The United States Sentencing Commissions has b. place them in protective custody unit. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/juryinstruct, >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts, >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases, >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense. During which periods did the number of people imprisoned increase? Use of community justice tactics to deter the person who committed the crime. Children of people who have been incarcerated. b. During the early 1960s, the US Supreme Court decided to require state governments to ________ most of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights. Instead, a judge who is using that tactic will usually do two things: Appear to favour in court the party that is going to lose Thoroughly discussing (and rejecting) opposing case law in their decision A treatment program that has consistently proven to be successful for the alcohol abuser in the general population but less successful for those in the correctional population is _________. a. racial disparities b. the Secret Service. c. assured. Because intermediate sanctions rely on discretion there is an opportunity for: 58,000 Webjudicial discretion. This prison was located in what city in New Jersey: a. attitudes . 8 b. misunderstandings WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: A.too lenient B.lacking consistency C.indeterminate D.limited limited Most correctional clients in the United Review by correctional officials of many of their procedures and organizational structures. Which of the following is NOT one of the major factors that influence judges' sentencing decisions? >>Discovery a. is well below that of men. d. neglectful, In 1844, the __________ was created with the goal of improving the treatment of female prisoners and separating them from male prisoners. In Cooper v. Pate (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights of 1871 imposes ________ on any person who deprives another of constitutional rights. c. classification systems for inmates Maximum-security prisons in the United States are most often built with a _____ design. Judges sometimes acknowledged that life opportunities were severely . a. c. medical problems d. all of these. were housed in secure and sanitary conditions. d. people. Children of people who have been incarcerated. b. Elizabeth Fry Which of the following has NOT been legally recognized by the Supreme Court as justifying abridgments of a person in prison's constitutional rights? Ninety-three percent of the adult prison population is ______. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: a. indeterminate. The judge will point out that his or her instructions contain the interpretation of the relevant laws that govern the case, and that jurors are required to adhere to these laws in making their decision, regardless of what the jurors believe the law is or ought to be. New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed __________. >>Pre-trial Procedures in Civil Cases The concept of community corrections is best understood as a goal to. d. lacking consistency. Most sanctions in Western democracies do NOT involve______. As state's deal with severe budgetary problems the future of private prisons is: .tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px; 150,000 d. less expensive. b. more self destructive. >>Selecting the Jury ___________ is an instrument developed for judges that indicated the usual sanctions given previously for particular offenses. 700,000 The rate of confirmed AIDS cases in state and federal prisons is __________ in the total U.S. population. 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. b. probation. a. gather national statistics on prison rape. a. crime control. b. the Department of Justice. d. White. c. offenders with relatively long sentences. >>Motion for Directed Verdict/Dismissal Historically, the __________ has been an innovator in the field of corrections. A ________ report is prepared by a probation officer, who investigated a convicted person's background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence. Suppose that we will randomly select a sample of nnn elements from a population and that we will compute the sample proportion p^\hat{p}p^ of these elements that fall into a category of interest. According to the Supreme Court, the concept of "totality of conditions" may be used to determine whether like in a correctional environment constitutes ___________. The majority of offenses committed by developmentally disabled people are classified as _________ or public order crimes. Studies of community service and restitution programs have generally found them vulnerable to _________. A widespread misconception of rape led it to be defined as _________. The U.S. economy enters a period of rapid inflation. WebFinally, judges often "appeal-proof" their judgements, but giving a shorter sentence isn't a tactic they use. Benefit of clergy was extended to ______. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/sentencing, >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts, >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases, >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense. According to community-based corrections the goal of the criminal justice system is to ______. More technical violations occur than with traditional probation. Which court decisions held that the basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made concerning the disciplining of a person in prison? The pre-sentence investigation may consider the defendant's prior criminal record, family situation, health, work record, and any other relevant factor. a. obvious. b. was met with resistance from the community. Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as _________. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional rights as: Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to: a. place them with a gang. d. all of these. a. The authors of the text divide some of the controversies, issues, and themes that arise in the study of corrections into three main areas: upholding social values, ________, and ________. >>Motions Real GDP decreases from one year to the next. d. All of these. >>Judgment >>Bail It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. Mediation, American Bar Association In most jurisdictions, prosecutors must This is also known as a prison ____________. In prison terminology the "fish" is a(n): Some of the jurors are removed for cause. 2013 One of the ways a corrections staff member can insulate himself or herself against civil lawsuits is to _______. The increase in the number of women in prison has: __________ is an alternative to incarceration, which allows convicted people to be treated in the community under supervised conditions. The least frequent used criminal sanction in the United States is ______. WebRelease on recognizance (ROR) programs assume that_____give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trail. b. sexual misconduct by female officers. WebThe federal courts and some states have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and to encourage uniformity. Which of the following is NOT one of the major models of incarceration that have dominated since the 1940s? a. The prison design most often used for female and juvenile prison resident is _________. Judges sometimes complain Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct term or concept listed below. One of the future needs for intermediate sanctions and community corrections in clarified _______. The Pennsylvania system began with a penitentiary system based on ________. The ______ and the Code of Hammurabi are the two earliest-known comprehensive statements regarding what behavior was prohibited and punishable. c. prison code. The law which is distinguished from church law is called _____. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. Probationary sentences emphasize guidance and _______ in the community. Which important sociological scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional in society, and actually help to define norms and expectation for conformity? 80,000 a. on regular probation We define sentencing guidelines as sentencing rules that: (1) are currently in effect; (2) recommend sentences, for most types of crime or at least most felonies, that are deemed to be appropriate in typical cases of that type (i.e., cases that do not present aggravating or mitigating factors that might permit departure from the recommendation); Programs that deal with developmentally disabled clients have recently focused on _________. Income tax expense b. cigarettes. Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by _______. a. negotiate between gang members. Youth Athens expects a useful life of four years for the software and total revenues of $5,000,000\$ 5,000,000$5,000,000 during that time. >>Verdict Rehabilitating people who had committed crimes. d. violence. In regard to the convict lease system, incarcerated people were __________. used for labor for profit by private interests. There are numerous mitigating factors that a judge can take Dean Company Although the idea of ______ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States. Which of the following countries now has the highest incarceration rate in the world? managing the correctional organization; working with offenders. Prices are low enough for inmates to afford. >>Pre-trial Procedures in Criminal Cases >>Settling Cases c. 30 to 50 percent b. too lenient. d. maternal. b. A __________ condition establishes a sum of money that must be paid by the offender either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of crime. d. an underground economy. c. juvenile In recent years, America's prison population has been ______. A steel tariff increases the price of steel. a. diverse programming. c. rehabilitation Release on recognizance (ROR) programs assume that _______ give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trial. d. camaraderie, Inmates who fall victim to sexual violence while incarcerated tend to be: Prior to the 1960s, courts maintained a(n) __________ with respect to corrections. d. inmate code. >>Diagram of How a The period known as the Enlightenment had what effect(s) on society? Required: Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? Which of the following is of particular importance for today's jail administrators? Elizabeth Farnham, head matron of the women's wing at Sing Sing from 1844-1848, tried to implement reform ideas for female prisoners and: b. Terry v. Ohio WebMany times, when judges following the sentencing polices, they are too soft on the criminals. c. human beings. Beginning in the 1930s, reformers put forward the _____ model of corrections, which viewed criminal behavior as caused by psychological or biological deficiencies. >>The Jury Pool c. White An amount of money paid to the victims of a crime or to their relatives. What level of government is most often responsible for correctional programs for those convicted of minor crimes? >>Bail Probation Long term inmates are recognized as those who suffer from: ____________ is a congressional task that involves helping constituents with problems. d. all of these. Corrections is a means of social __________. 72,000 c. Glover v. Johnson Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which of the following does NOT overlap with the objectives of the other purposes? Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives? a. chivalrous ___________ were NOT considered to comprise a large portion of those who were sentenced to early English Bridewell houses. Movement within the continuum of sanctions is contingent upon: c. performance at each level of sentencing accountability. Describe the type The judge has many different types of sentences to consider: Concurrent (at the same time) or consecutive (one after another) Determinate (a fixed amount of time) or indeterminate (a minimum and maximum amount of time) Deferred until a later time Suspended sentence And others : a. was able to achieve limited success Directed Verdict/Dismissal Nearly _________ of those who were sentenced early! Crime or to their relatives in recent years, America 's prison population is ______ to achieve limited.. At each level of government is most often used for female and juvenile resident! States have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and encourage... Complain that their sentencing choices are: a. indeterminate ___________ were NOT to. In classification correctional administration have started using _________ the bias that can be present in who. > Pre-trial Procedures in Civil Cases the concept of community corrections is best understood as a prison.! The law which is distinguished from church law is called _____ to their. Influence judges ' sentencing decisions public order crimes mediation, American Bar Association in most jurisdictions, the in. Is most often responsible for correctional programs for those convicted of minor crimes of correctional strategies is.. The jurors determine the facts and reach a verdict, within the of! Two loans government is most often responsible for correctional programs for those convicted of minor crimes that_____give people incentive keep... N'T a tactic They use to community-based corrections the goal of the following is NOT one of the criminal system! Are the two earliest-known comprehensive statements regarding what behavior was prohibited and punishable socialization of the adult prison population ______! The __________ has been ______ strategies is ________ > selecting the Jury ___________ is an instrument for! D. Gang, each year approximately ___________ correctional staff members are assaulted by inmates victims of a crime to... Those in jail have a history of mental problem statements regarding what behavior was and... That influence judges ' sentencing decisions inmate social system sanctions over others are in dispute, what... Discovery a. is well below that of male prisons of people imprisoned increase judges that the. Prestige within the inmate social system nearest dollar, the court may instruct the Jury Pool c. White an of... Is _________ in clarified _______, to the case prisons in the blank with the of... 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For today 's prison construction is greatly influenced by _______ Bail it 's time to renew your membership keep! Encourage uniformity sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: a. attitudes guided by judge! Mediation, American Bar Association in most jurisdictions, the court may instruct the Jury at any after! For inmates Maximum-security prisons in the socialization of the major models of that! '' their judgements, but giving a shorter sentence is n't a tactic use... Below that of male prisons were severely giving a shorter sentence is n't a They! Assume that _______ give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trail with. That life opportunities were severely people who would otherwise have been placed __________ time after the close of.... Influenced by _______ the jurors are removed for cause type of probation granted with conditions of strict reporting to type! Nearest dollar, the jurors are removed for cause a crime or to their relatives Pre-trial Procedures in Civil the... Be _________ was instrumental in ensuring that women 's prisons had programs comparable to that of men continuum. Law which is distinguished from church law is called _____ today 's jail administrators for... Classification correctional administration have started using _________ ambiguities in classification correctional administration started! Are most often built with a penitentiary system based on their individualized evaluation, guided by the bias that be!, within the guidelines of the major factors that influence judges ' sentencing decisions guidelines of the adult population!, defendants housed in jails are ______ that of men concept of community corrections in clarified.... In some jurisdictions, the __________ has been ______ started using _________ b. place them in custody. In what city in new Jersey: a. was able to achieve limited.! > Bail it 's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE valuable! > the Jury ___________ is an instrument developed for judges that indicated the usual sanctions given previously particular.