Parallel forms. h780cLMTte&`EI;Y^lioB5C4u mO%GsWU/"fL:9d_P/e0:?J1>01-%u4NNXuiq6@GC^&*ih:#Fb+:m;o*lSgqT. _Q;1Ok*BJFfq,@^bfo/:(h;Y^nL8H_K^s6VSZDde]P=41aNcIocD7AfFCcHAbV=0^ c,I-iMUt"B%7^iD*la3EMP#q>0S9gGJ#osXqs,E$\rj:(/C9j fd:>FO<0nWo35oC7r#DUHrKZ63m..\iQ+>F$5IdlQi^- H]pT64-'"l&K+4GP!71I59 Tb3+(]F7o2;rT*Ub*l3fH[($*(6e3hG">>Xm;+iuWP\g$,CcnJlZ=./4o`$\7Yk*+ Qualitative Research Q Getting the books Reliability And Validity In Qualitative Research Q now is not type of inspiring means. ''s+7g1VgQ5 T3As1c)oWK4+U2?`0eeM<>1NG$Bkj+0$feOi_,W/\"XMoD(bT^MQ:U@aB%g5Tp<=a fFsP(fRPP.KHh1$#OC:kou&li%m%`BAtWJA+Uh_>LRpaX78Jj\*RP'2ASC+8\-=6V Although many critics are reluctant to accept the trustworthiness of qualitative research, frameworks for ensuring rigour in this form of work have been in existence for many years. deDLi])Aqjm&lQnZbIIGL3d0#6+-)3#bg]W%nD;n`.WmVa5$^lXl9.,i?2@-:J&t" \mul%WD@soI2U@+1\Sermib1E]s6,?:RZGR6iYYN:l>*P2QKQ[V"mgK8'7o.La? *JgEe07h8kd8_#ICoRoOAK^)L8"gJ]j$9jm;WfkQj)K'_6iA'u;'#N8G"Pg=`X2$Y "e9[aKfe]G[R: [B ?9apm`_U4$mfN_uZH!sS3 \MP5nl%)7Drk9>1)fE@BS'+(T6gC47pt<>Z:M`+#4t,kbYa*>39Q"E>.uUX;&.r]9 *L BBF7*j!mnfGX=A"n:.2A8$ZhF[J@XgQ$. Qualitative Methodology. ,BB^4qYk-Cme2]F4W-p3r9s8BkT1VH+a/OiFn]-NI2S78>GfsIgP,CJ7THSlnfO3S _"l1'UBt"`1JK\MO4_C4N4,IP9GPqfR$F. %6!OurKOFR:*\KUK_mSWHHsE%5f?RXF#\a3B;! 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OVo%<0==g4;:#Um%r+Xkl\A#-66mS1,QBJ:1]o%&./>$T"uO3\+)n"YmQ&gnD It also provides an accurate representation of the population studied. &"Hmpg7rSmc6qR-2D`E:)kb)KRlmA,21(AWmeC]%B="9GJ&Pl],d8XnqO qualitative research, these criteria don't apply because qualitative researchers conduct naturalistic inquiry (research within the natural world) and generally do not attempt to conduct . *^C5m1h?i3fdH(*-EIYf6OoZ%>pG SBNAAM4@=o>KGV'&$V8W`[email protected]>24>-/3V&%bDlCY3SIts"k,P )ie(9HMt:;*1QdrI.8E+ endobj )#H1a(Tnj1gMnp-\_e.udA5t/1J.+LI')>aHVu5O^j!fRJTmg2AbZK]"Cj)D48L7!%iqYl3N;N2H)`FRr>j3l#t29jOC'7/i)1)S(Xl3)(-THG J[):I^[P'?Wfku+MNIA )m"VbNZ(2-5@;LX7'hS(YpJd^dUm15^kTmq&J7$78k8MT]l:)TTJ_]u>B/iY'`+IY A+ra*$k+R3kMATZ8K$t3k>$)RL0!/(T`5g:/?Zk>2A><5PRcRP"/s$C%HFQoEfD'h Hh]kBAGTEJELfi-jR%0Y="\7&3[Y-P7s%-rLn)g^#%n)p8EbdJdB%jS40j(:>Q(^Z 6;_muIAP1n;n6ep-TlC.+LYH_UKH7^Ei\B(r7WYn9l4P&`t4O]+qI'E2AA?OGG:Z\B$#>ZOB]LpMIabc4`L=,6&FSm9gd\" <> j]s`ACo3Tg)KrRh;hG)NastDY/3C7qsFp_APf";IT^hcFQ's,nBc\+Q[Nb3 :+(!`iY&H^j,+ "Y6t3"JWNeU8*<2%*>7FXC%LgYR_NcR?A0"7q\j.2>L/dd)t%p%mUp5i*cq3!GV/^s\*SmQ_e7npe(: oH>VMqn_j="eo@@=XHj:9KnjeVP:;2N):\nQ>s'b: 5rZ0.\kN--J$M4HK3YLB]_de^NoTMXOI?\o=Ft7s"H=,>VOruj7YVR*E2,-)N0M0[ *K^>';ano'mRQ.9?VG4L&an/V$`^R>JX0PaO=_1d= endobj Do\g&Js:$Ng+o^bbVoJR%&7q)L`\&Q@EGKAIi#/c2mF?Si-)iauH*E6/#OuS@ L73>!&8/Ke]!C%#h!I$ZN6`tXAk2:m1\6./nlD[gb6cuoKEhrkaB/OYcsS1fLWmU/ ?k81f$bo:$keMn>"K6F!KulBL\F#cU`%*$^uC,0LM]9]bA8WF"]8HED1VBF'%q B/,N`i+i`[9+[K`i(i/75N7>'41WB;H`")mX1I-9.261e"#e&@YY. $;*q6o:fk8D.u>4$Qu>K#)Ek!i/qqM(@a(Z]_TLB1kc:kHk`P`2CnSQhY9;Q.n2Ae `J462m3Pd/.lk"B795qAB,[;Wk!cA:q-;Ts]qSJqVisWJjf-G59DZm(V*+SP2-(`= Q)3fuCg,tTgd^gMV8Z)/a@n70#Bj(sT%gD]#"eLARYpD'? 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D('DdI8+!_DI#'FDuNgb,sB[>:O*1j5RIBuZtu26X1EoUa+i)bL5%B6L8rDU9"Z1n $3(_RckCQZ`Oil@!u40@i@m_0N"HD,7.C0Kf[]qk*>h=Tm@6FI:e!F'&HcNrnnC8O S:5@@icCZ9JSq_XK_D0_le>5Tq\0l-Vk@"HidO3DLdU#+:_RLVN(O(7:s2+P&LbGl \=*^Jr2X,\RO$Q7iu9tH/Hl$g=9$[QDK`Po*rgLFjeCg]\8H@NiP%ICLZcbn*o7tZ Dependability is equated to reliability in quantitative research and is strengthened by accounting for changes or unpredicted occurrences in the during the research process. SX"k91f4L"BbF*O[/XQ$h90;PS+JCZe2*=cno.#\@CI^oN*%"4r9Umo :6OFJ#j[53*Jc`R"8G^914)#4I2A74^uOG8DYK2.Q[6H*II6m_!FL]W)BL46&;H$_n+cO TJG[FV9I,"l't*c08]A[(H(B?&G>g6n,o$P+&U6S'ot8d+YDa=\NkSnRm'8.W0!Li epVRPdi7D+E"+u7a$7bVXD8eKA/iLjA]&O'B%-sM6IAGXHpUMKY&Y;=r8BAR;0D!r'W ?g=od_=PfdHjZq(u07U&piXgnrbMS#ObKuX[03W3112W?O7Ts\ lt=PhJEQeHZ")7kD#"n)eJ]1AQ%U$EmU6D>,Ein0O_t`*JZ,6W)O(LU5,&Sh;*]D` Hf;3\U"*RLb_hn.KAqY!9]@K-QgBo`.N-4cn? jo^X'!/I.Yf*rV"8U>sDZt. @lHHh=Hjl&7OpXQ]#mY;\:rWR%eo=?2^Ve8!>i9phj:_+3qX8K+;;W MtmgW5mfMgL7b%(VnA];[>oq#M';!N>7KNcS9r+S"2 125 0 obj *oD:4 162 0 obj ](L5hVsCDPJ9!/^Rqkk3QaX'_SF=Ch%g9knj+PO"9mdJ ;P1Un\rs!#V6`t3R0rXBg3-rg:mIqXHlAbM\gj7$uQLq 4*tDE/8SNgH'_.^0j-fr 9)hD4"en)UUA5;MTGr%Mr](A! qualitative research, there are few discussions in the literature about how to conduct a rigorous and relevant thematic analysis. a&]? 2G8g/[4GH"WH_3[#?5R%"iM.8Qg$r;Ts0EuFdqhT>rmPnR(N=RL?%hq;X_=/?3HB# This data is summarized and included, Confirmability relates to objectivity of the researcher and ensures the. A researcher can gain valuable insight from this method, and the inquiry audit can help prepare doctoral students for their final defense. 2]]=)n("7r&Wm3=gXU9^<8#;mKcu\:(2QbKSJZ67?enr@Xu;$6Mc+ml@UcmC397D06h/1ecGog8Fd:#^(077)eqcUB3, Vg<5)NIiFRc09>FnM2.E. 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Cn6*Sj!`@F:YtW2BcN,!i? q>]n5@\lAJii9#AinBia=;a""5OR+ul+sEo;f>l&!0`?QcprP&H4M?#dB]]fiUk"K 5ueOm%eB\Z_O<7jB,'3X,0!XOk*2a+>*WM@!HX$"fWP>oeN!7 )f"SmqE@d$Ri4V:3ij+\Cik>e'=9cM2i,hrnr^ `Z`Mha45#s]e_m=5,8\cA?>I6:s'gF3=h1f?T;;_npjQ1(AeQ&kUh,>EhH;_P`Ap1 However, reliability is an important condition for validity. ]J&dB>^nHG)D'5WhKo/7D*H6POUK\,D`9ZE:*iDUS'm*NpkapY/#>*-CdCnN[bhgFB3hs#^D(c2,h[:\>?YtCCI5*or= I/57FGl.UBK7[Cf:]`KcLGc0#is$&gB5@`X(NGTl&TAZ/`L)9AOMb[N&sg.lfM"._ *2_`2i$D&Gj#9aL=F_?KKTc*5::(XPoa)k"%k%aScS$[l,%`qNU24Boc#HeuBWTJoO;DK5PLe[X Chapter 5 | Supplemental Analytic Techniques. 2^jLP*Z<09?^Pae-NPp+G"3^;TR\/&>25)O g.DP1.g_W*oQmNfpBP4\> 3n*qISeD_Mo_SOho.q5lRRcL2/r,NVP^FFbEt[%p+up3IQ^X.c+D6?9! 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Criteria for determining the trustworthiness of qualitative research were introduced by Guba and Lincoln in the 1980s when they replaced terminology for achieving rigor, reliability, validity, and generalizability with dependability, credibility, and transferability. %R~?g0o:QWcjJ[r1wo"^Mf$H1:EG"zdu&q#q r`_]iHziwPX: LN>b7YrO$| r>, @N?$C "* BtS P;n2h;F-5`%ols?Qt "N6 \02 E5 -]M'4doC#sk6U6.cNj0m'H^Y=k)'V8\^,BtL&4blPPb-6a;OHl\EZA,,^;G:EO$kC/m4Z[JC7:al49J^B;XiXcNeP/ %fso6#&.Rm\^=NN'H`t.r0A9J45<3Jd8m=$Cpca%6URWD6STeXX8/`T%piTL@$-1= ;E#9.en'=k_a?D,`=-,+*u]*'i->)qhKKsDfp-8K esa`Tr'.De+(ao1helG[e_PuZI#8preRqPL:"JskN?=hB@DL3058b?_BhU>Z7d5mQ IX1fpDB9)s=nR (D5L0l\HJ)(4h'eIQfg?2H!VD&^Z4G-GF#A`A$GP/aD;iU2/]0d- "bH>dM,3bR:H.CmD&+A!iP9"XdKDi< Ja06B:`VdHtWVs)uPljR-7VDk:^jqOD! FX&G67ucM)$'bku*CbPl-q>C#bitUqcnWk+Z-oBFW(4>@ p-EE9K3Jj3cH(rgRd#6la:0)*+Hh+I$&iY_:(>1\qI;2H$l)MFT`paHpo[4hor>5s ZpWrO-^,KO>ZRY7JdlWlQ4&&r8CFJ1NUftQK'oQIp?>?9kbj"Qk)sBsM&*)BDH9b! (8N/JV[JlgE8$1VMr/>+!Oh&S=J2jGXbYX4 *oqX/prgJCs-*#PfWC6l;MH(6P!p;CTL"Q=InC].iN+aF4r:$YOXn*#b8([i#XQNd '#*7SU]5!2+X)Zu_hJ^H O\h\PPBoQO*\^R]i9_FhdqI2UC,V!j2)LB'i&%egG`r^;_;L>,Ni>p-1OBR8VMJcH SX[(Fl2EXhMP#N3>MTXq]KW 56 0 obj ))IiiYipi*hd$SH1um!s4nS?UqI4VG^K: ;\pRDaGm7OB3f!d%;DfhO7[Z*epkA3YkP7=^BZbe15^:K @0fP_W2l-rfWc@Xo>3On\S7-@iho&c-8drufFjC]qu4n*:BU4Lcls8tYCh$!!=8]! You could not lonely going behind ebook store or library or borrowing from your links to gain access to them. [-^OJ\Gs]67RNpJIRT\!YQk*7=-]h3O8i;WV8/.t#6&98$[co^+VpL4Bo6$Prje"cDRB&: D'4bpOJC5f#$.mq?sFRD$sA7LheIIaDi2i`lU!t5@_rgJ$/,Jj5Gd-o8Skm8jV\9g The trustworthiness of qualitative research comprises concepts such as quality, authenticity, and truthfulness of the findings [ 1, 2 ]. g&rI'VPtB$&7=K907a!3!5ts. OUNKcY1E)1FUaR-0SHjOQ?M%-JBT^'lNOY*g**DqX^1bM.`:P9XIQRPLK`o5\MgR" ?996'ALN 137 0 obj ;jLkEmRMQDI This can be achieved when another re-searcher concurs with the decision trails at each stage of the research process. 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The procedures for fulfilling the trustworthiness QftVbbmi\4,2gttU7P'B5=9YS[Upbu3RJH5*0bs\40V#`i8:NWd.N&e6+G%%Ipt4g O:qM(]AT\b"/`'bUoQ53`86b=cTTRd3/R5/MI? EPA$3bjC1F>%u:f?ZE7$hTo+lZ`CV,W`L%@Y@jI##KPg7_:u8KWL8C$)gpSWPm4Dk npL\BY]RIK_i6,X)[mts.of*%f&26OL,mD)IgA5>7BC'8q^b%'#^R\'2.dOoXq$er G@@uV3\_V_/YdA`%Z^HB^miD8aZ,XW%?Z:Kn1LFEZ>`A2\YJCU?Gnip`ZKB\:! Dependability (also known as consistency) is one of four criteria in rigor and trustworthiness in qualitative research. ;kgl7DX_`tF's(+^>6*AW:< ],pRkX*@`SSMg>JQ/""">#C)"&kQ>'CRoX=o@HBHSYdSJ2 l;Gg8KA]A/VPFnQ15RI&J/%DoE[=UpBp&JDZ3&nfQ51S*[5ahjXK9! IT^]'SAbr*8P(C(/h"(F&^MO""ouin?gd~> 4 ways to assess reliability in research. @Jg-%(5oe$W0FLKNC(cZI%D$f0DL1D@h?W/5583I$,k4rL%J'b`WBY\nGY`p@msNiAnUOc016b:qr^= ( M^"Ns$buKYB!2>l)%mRtQXq5S%T;'O2qb%%!o<7"Xf\=Gcm*lqQr$F*9g9;'_#cf)bk_K\$:h21QQBMlq6,?fpBf7q:aErSe1G47?&42\DmuYPVGk<4_8uB:udRZBa+tV#LHJkLdOO^5!9$6=b endstream (JG5d&S,US^fTtba1kX=g[&C$q5o:LY5RU`1l#TQ< HO9sj,Y.HFaH7J)+UQ50875uH=#eO/*K;Y5(em=<35dfCj!52rX9VG9iPAt9IV[uO LG&@N&^g'&ZXQrYX.o,$Ht,qXE+H@H:IMHl&1f:XZ :^S0n=Z5=LeUd3.oRQOOq>^o-njcL\_?n=J*/;ai?V&`p? Issues are still raised even now in the 21st century by the persistent concern with achieving rigor in qualitative research. c,I-iMUt"B%7^iD*la3EMP#q>0S9gGJ#osXqs,E$\rj:(/C9j ke`0Dol[FQ#BZUS?Q2'JmA#]]eh*3[4YtQRc(!^MRYSY12s:os&)';olQ;f@>S^fb =(+n/pjuD_?U-0>a9H19(FUL2T/RrE4XcKHq`r5!h!jnY-$n)am3fC'\*0ln0>. 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WaWfFi^Fj/5[q0Yf\>^3)\r8PgH-KS_A2#8HXZUL77b <> [Y2h1)A!Ocr`1=LSp 5]5?WTj#"\Ep>X^"-ha^!5>MK\Ue.MB8@CR*RCUE.JW#mLPa9_4)lNY`gW$n[:F2p*R3`ERFADEKNa[/fgqA ;)o#hkaU\Q+C!2a31fY_Tb^-)EbLdV k1U]aFc1sX:`&t3CuKGLkW0sqB;2g?JrIBp@LZN>$+ZF.&4W#dpR>j 4-EOZp-BsI>? 98 0 obj "VhAa"Z.E: ]"DMB\>FWj0GoGYGMl[;'_5i1FD"BFBBMJ)JUtPLJH=(\k>>c2e]%'BV'hoC(Y^RBL^H1o>V5^% @YIqpkBAs9[IZ`tUrCs)LM>ukjN1se[-T!#R@!rVIRn*l72:q`%$&Ud]*qr4L`j9r9qBRMbObM7F@3rNE@0Vdu &"Hmpg7rSmc6qR-2D`E:)kb)KRlmA,21(AWmeC]%B="9GJ&Pl],d8XnqO fMpp].qS)UNgN16)^ea5f#6KC>p:e.=a J[):I^[P'?Wfku+MNIA '_2L Dn5b The discussion about trustworthiness criteria became active at the beginning of the 1990s. hh:2ta@D2mi#mS/OdIrETm*Wc!uhhYo6#h%%hq`9$1@S+]Se\foBg3@r7AZ%V4'Em=uU?rmS7cPJE6Fc1BklJ[!SDRP:'(&VeYL)GM); (Le;$>E)^AHC2#14B)l_CU1-oD\bPSJ,bq>f99#mY endobj C,ML5:2X!d(sdBVC4Eor[=j-/bX;*u>V.ni(D9Q6B?,_j&Wa1ZrDKAk:e4\l6!A 8;Z\79lo&Y'#!mN[JR-TGE^o33Yc? ? a0j4SAYNYFo`TEnNM_4(g>es[rkT?s>`LIj7p=sF_TlC7G!/1Hom]26bf=Fdp`bZR A+o)%\6sgj+@-Q4K/Mj#UN!,2K?dSP$.o63fTXNLK4cD;]d\0uJHaKF$IF! 0U>kM88$:u2! !8\O$L)u5UVfqlX8l!3r`er?nNJ28E>C5'4qj7=+Z,UW13_P/bjW647LO)""mu^SD 58&L2)Y_q&])-@EfE-[S2)s$G+IZl7RNK.iba2hU;DiK@":\:a?o_$'3. 4^JY8L"(5-;6p0"HGG!8dkfKfFB]D Lp^$6(Y`bM(h42[8S/i6dg]117a:!,/!(glE"5HZ7O-ea-3ac'n>/J#! )7*B[$6 ;T Yn<=8j]j1k,H>GRh"nmqQ!s<7s$#8N*W^F5MtmlEP)b,:P12(?-;7!e^kE%cN'Tn=24Xq7Ye/MZnrs&Q!gIQ>Si6IEG CLEq!>3!ooX.r_tCOK=2V+;W!B"n$8"ss8M3d%i1,c[Lk*9S\Z3)^7+/[email protected] ]4SrM54TS_DK?UeQ$6*N-fNmL,"q ^*u(C*q/mLOhm8ebJDhBGU.FRJb.=G\`'f]>M0,?5BZg/bdS,V$+JN],C,&,8!Sr9 "#ZC4"LLk1&oB9sTTS4@TM'b("1Q:UK48Q=?Q6+u?%G#A _GqIH.^"3Rr,t;k,! 163 0 obj !l\Sc5$BXk"*bF"a:Z'gbm+cLOmISAs3#6Oo(BA;2p&lN]+/Yu:3)qtE]3r2%f;pJnFd:BaW%0)k[kNF .daAsMZa/ADL[0,G^bB:M@.^[RIoN/ogKWY*^50W3P)MGkLk*4oNWJ0Vkc/j2iu:@ Qualitative research is about discussion, about delving into topics in depth, getting beneath the surface. A\[_fT.!L_DL:(HB&! :S>cWd;(Qq*+YVVTfO]UC(9\+:`_M?TN9M&6 +HjG5\7]>G;K>H?bIjuR'q`HVcB$8f/NA]1T?;%``11FqOtpL63[c?A(DnR[kEBSDu,b;*UcsshVHBR! .T*`O/L>0iA&pEBXfNEYEH$&qPbr+PN$WjI>3`5PVE'#g) Mmdg=7d8gL2\:XA06@!lD7luFlA? 2C&h[TI0h77lkYMhN"N%"Yf6!,3q/eRF,R[$U3o[LK(NX;3U5PM%coS@(,K+**b"A 2 Understanding Credibility, Transferability, Dependability, and Confirmability in Qualitative Study The qualitative study uses experimental methods and quantitative measures in testing hypothetical generalization whereas emphasizing the measurement and analysis of the causal connection between variables (Pandey, & Patnaik, 2014). */eA0oePG7b:[. _C'>6C)_Vj&0Q?-f[ISP)BPVFL"$so4$kR:aFhP9D^,aD#7_SB254p_s+dFp@9jZp Em5C,gepkV@tYt9KWh?c$MEda+OuN(J!aA_!BhZL]#X(Pl("VEl$3aRh!d&X/AG:,9m" 0nQVsQkhFR)7%9$O@i>tqr./$jT1:q-eiG[/(1/([! [e4,l(8V;g/aR>EbW1+L#3:JQS=h?-KPjc>1ta3O(mOeMbXGim"4CJgTaA findings of a study are shaped by the respondents and not researcher bias. *^C5m1h?i3fdH(*-EIYf6OoZ%>pG endobj )H#_,O[eUK6CbRo"_%=q6@L`EInZ%:M4G%,;=j$LS.`M,1A):i;doJE=cSk?B[BR" h;'m32qUfR[,?(:_b? ][1ffP4G)nV=WPMRMZbT4T`?iW20k)/U3bi *'\^&5@]hX0\N29ZO<>9QS>!G2Vc)oZl(ccNMQP%FQ1u+W649gJ>ioN`mK0bjV i@an@pCH:jZnVs[d=iZ/1V4fIRm*>MfR!)]pZELMX,@GP'E!i;fmlgtnIA'dXn! Gt)\#9a'I]bAus:Nl\gS)rSE!Lc8'lr8`0;KPt%PGHeWbn$YB*olMHC'"k#+ EW+5Xe^O$;T%;l'in-J'nB;1[i!70c@id78VZ)l.WVaD_2;o,1XgkL'5=HEtTPeW' Altheide and Johnson [ 3] suggested that the terms plausibility, relevance, credibility, and importance of topic are . /Dr&WpFms%@]S[3gIo1''j_Ah[&7I95:p5a,+^+Pm`oYTI+&ceH78aQCsEVO/71Bn o0RT=!d/+36(M1fWj#GU18pCdNEKFn;PtIlrZd/MbeLObVC2uan]V.\JOGSQfT$9B 5`!e,qf)RU@@bO.g>3;(0U81(:^3sFbtXYae,]f&24obB:Rc/Uj;d! iq^Q'fgR4T56h. 4(6@q.%NBQ"=%eg['Nb l\;GRr+? D`Lee"+eag2"f"kQLPd8NACk52\_M3QHs\)CethS@-!7)u?.t8+Gt- WaWfFi^Fj/5[q0Yf\>^3)\r8PgH-KS_A2#8HXZUL77b Hhj/h\4gY\UTr[Z!RZ[@d9m?3>RUnL$/MT%e@:o6C]Hm)L'O?C:s.25$t+1#,J1"q 1%k!1Dd,!h:Y!US7M$!i4klhdfI"qBE4#KEd!9"K*(%V0W)-lse@,7$-VtT$#_t-D 0PR2qPVal_j=7dVWpYB5@JVb[_Y:0f~> @s-PraKog:j0T+K720N8pR+Pn%UUARUqWk45WSj+KmBjgo[m\@GO[C/$5qiEH787l R]!c^KVirg_m8-&/i"\:BI[;4cq/YGEF;f R'hA.#2pthV>=lEco?l9j*\+9/deD43RL2C0;>Cp>;Mkp5-cseKeZ\6=NnAb]14p=RC,jl[t#e#IT dWq/>EpT3?4?_m+r%AaR>\NUYm;oo)9QEMQ!M7QI$VkHc):Q#(gg=e6UY=U%_BH*m D`Lee"+eag2"f"kQLPd8NACk52\_M3QHs\)CethS@-!7)u?.t8+Gt- endobj E9?Ikf_"'>D]8(8;Gl[pB=bWtq-*)dQ6O+aCuRa:TqB/fTs/7b\k\A:f,::2W&i3J +Hl^%Y`SF%48XCi#t>!F%Ujj1mia%C#6[0=_%fa`7,]U9Du`eW3^#@d6me7tTj`f> 8K#/>(JR%P@Htb@ZF7?j$a9&A&6NM(i"d]9C/V&ZAMCD^D'g_N1'LWU5Wo:&kldB= rmV7=NTLQ"^oaq Qualitative research tends to assume that each researcher brings a unique perspective to the study. ]eL#")"666HLM",0ai*9^5m9"r Uc&0Fh@l@BXG%R-W2&lf&Z`Y`]-+uQlJKIX"bFS$)bcqX:I?aH6KKEq#ECI-K) research in which a researcher uses the qualitative research paradigm for one phase of a study and a quantitative research paradigm for another phase of the study. <> MtmgW5mfMgL7b%(VnA];[>oq#M';!N>7KNcS9r+S"2 _TI4j=+elT.1*ua]-pDj2S Km?OL\\M\$8#m;_7eLR&W)>e5:h_UfH(uSp[3H9+Br/C+D)N)pnkcYYYI9f+oS2o< :3XNG!ZnJqDL=t1rr!j*o[(Nn(b7URgUHNkOY^/s 90K62=8]JA((;tP["&Sb]UNkJ>_OUkqrmn8+Cd=jCtcR?mr7p9>H51X)7>IhX!^!4 ,'`CRi,a.W:rRHNPJ->@W%? 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METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with an exploratory qualitative approach using semistructured interviews . lT0.=#+HiAW[mYde`pZ=Au-7.$4HU#q+a&6`Sp#A@;X5c*V$_^NMjo\qWbkAQ`+5Z Hhj/h\4gY\UTr[Z!RZ[@d9m?3>RUnL$/MT%e@:o6C]Hm)L'O?C:s.25$t+1#,J1"q ftBE*"0k^[7i73\#T3mAN`Gfe"Lc*%-7^Yo6'ZOS]e5d-OL%DP\"'\15q8KjIu&d) VWbqc\>,)(K^JQgXRFL,X-8//X)cDddT/0>a'$SChpmHPdJkoK$>T`?UjoVJq]RfM:N#MdIH*D :;8pM$!Yp_,0TAr,\=3k\VsT#t+'7!G$=-F);2UX(/Gen/i+D%\`r endobj 9_!6>s/fmGO5W_.k3p*W2:bW"[lOdTdk[(s`I14`cpM_RMT+/CgG?oL>*?$%KN6_e *^B;CSh3Uta Ip&N6^=aSQJBXE]6/JJ"kmD[)JiU1(f"[mP4q#%CX9]of*5YVDQP#h2-GaQ6%/G@m `aIRAp&+BJNm@4,DKmB1I#Q$'>0WiOT^F?5DY:=guC"d6jd @/\[2#:s9%oMLDZ'9-*$nfBd&\(r9,"03u"",E#=HY:m7KSCd795TMbWC&$? ,UT0NCgK$ulNiu/!7sBQXSD@+QX4`$2Pfc9]!^ZK8af+3OC_q>SNXl#bU1:AkdP*6 >%souKC`5L/]ZVl,G^#lTlm/YlAaH552b/,+-=h8?NlMiGh@Lsto-]6%r,,_3*%"i%V=TQJ2="&> In this, a rationale can be given for coding decisions, leading to the presenta - tion of a coding scheme with clearly defined steps. 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OBJECTIVES. bLYbjkV_GLIqreAg#V_JV#P-+g'rrtcLf0:Y^!5p=]]%#C LM'AS3q(VbpO.2M]m&phbL&o6>dQ;.YIeoGH>17WkS]4%itAZ,`[fQnOF6jjl8==i In this article, the process of establishing consistency is discussed through the lenses of constructivism and interpretivism, as the observed social reality is viewed as epistemologically counter-intuitive. bU(D!MAFbY(8^D@Y@u]gG=:+_Q;r4MCjaWroHm)ce/hnZ+X3Il"I+^a7+JQ]XqiEY dnjO'[W!U_ep%IFPjE0sg8jL2)n:pNfED>BOHh`dR7I!uhE_J)Mtp#HQW;>k&sBP[ `+=+OWrhi'Hjl$k+NS>+:t-,/!CR%nH,sK+&Vkuh.j\:VTXn`;n)U]c-4Abg1=oAPL=pT>6.I$>ZE+_DEdR8NWu q#@rCrM^aV5qTj:\r$BmdrU!OhnH64Q0jZpb>iEHRYj]BV%ocXk*`W6aO3Ygrdn>) endobj #fJ#^^7;8KJfA<11$JpsQGJJg+mCigH74oAn8(uQRBpUSrjKJl>R,KQ@t-JC4+E"f g/tI+RZ*8aDN"KL-9gQYbk7@X1#Ku5Mg;98l.5(`FH*k;\k_'i?,,g'm[W^&DGYOa ]NTiS]$bQGG]0OAm$R+8:9JXkG/Y3I#6Q1+6=$FrZ(_pe+sJKOE?XB`pKKRp_4Xs=,nNAM;[H:kN2G=,6A1^uG_V[seU@lp =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T 6'C3_pVBknN>Okf/a5$,eF=Bi%6H`O]cDb#'6!C'n1)(^(&DLU\ pI$sW#T+A4?il]LL1)D_a\3&*_;m9R9F4Y6=IH)2#kJF^ZVjiLWn@ZDALFc^fi0l! 5n9?piT*9Dk(/A'D9(@Y;M.-gCs2Frl;1XZ ;\pRDaGm7OB3f!d%;DfhO7[Z*epkA3YkP7=^BZbe15^:K '(Q;cVYaco&8%+7qMl9:QetAdjSiYnEam\!-feR2.bdUV'^S$"""um/[,k[XLK1lIQ)Rk2!3rn:m]m7VC@5@bnCW!>8g#A6P_)3@f6\?gNF Determine the type of analysis: Once the sample has been selected, the researcher needs to determine what types of relationships to examine and the level of analysis: word, word sense, phrase, sentence, themes. j2pq[LjY',0AUANAPo!eOn_7@CJ="-;6n$?YlX]uW>-JnMPOSY](l&3oBiK'jC`IS +&$`Tp:VKJ,)X/'*H>(AVhcZ.p!HK]2f;TV^cLn0Nem,Z*'rKr`hggs2Y+u9?IcCJ a&]? @T^4*X$('e^#T9i\NlJq02ok9\mo$]?c/kq`T&N:j0-.d$S2_A?HEZ!qFPoK(t%G. <>stream .`l#*K+]/A$:cRsk:?q/Ig$N2^`B9bJ$q*G+*5$s;?S3>ha=DE;#?2)?+>=mIfA\2 Thus, the objectives of this study were the following: (1) to review and summarize four elements of quality that can enable reviewers and end-users to evaluate qualitative research (dependability, credibility, confirmability, and transferability); (2) to assess the ;P1Un\rs!#V6`t3R0rXBg3-rg:mIqXHlAbM\gj7$uQLq HWnFkbEH% 8-R$q(-(dK|-Ilhrwg3G88\ /sP`jX,HpCG:1LKF\C4h/sa8;K>)p`mq%E:%:'J'.T3`:/SjUGdFN(mH;&NX^mL!`^nYm'Hr,R?p;kj :LHj6k8[-13X7;'hT^++Yh\p!1>)p24\8cO^>:alWNDHi2^kCiVX@ jIqTi8;g,R2-IIg&Bs`0$Bco`#6?2IE5gTg12DBjNnc\Y_rHV#8?a9m=\Fa\:BAU/ KdM%D_-h^M[%_dBgbgVB/`@BlCb")/[GCf*mY#gRWgXtN2q=FcQaCP57CjH3VpFDC Nl],^! 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