Epicenter at 50.039, 90.847 They were mapped a few months after the events (Voznesenskii & Dorogostaiskii 1914). The Bulnay earthquake of July 23, 1905 (Mw 8.3-8.5), in north-central Mongolia, is one of the world's largest recorded intracontinental earthquakes and one of four great earthquakes that occurred in the region during the 20th century. This implies adding 60 km to the previously mapped fault. Mail Stop 977 [2] However, this interpretation is contested; field surveys after the earthquake show a complex rupture not necessarily characteristic of a strike-slip mechanism.[5]. Voznesenskii and Dorogostaiskii reached the region only 3 months after the earthquake, but they had enough information to say that the first event is associated to the Tsetserleg earthquake, and the second one to Bolnay. Epicenter at 45.136, 94.034 The same pendulum records the two horizontal components of the ground shaking, and may produce a coupling between them. Gough D.I. 127.2 km from 86.2 km from The average displacement is 2 0.5 m for the horizontal component and about 1 m for the vertical component. Kyren (109.2 miles), 1932-12-25 02:04:30 UTC The minute gaps at Gttingen are corrected by using predictive filters. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. The 375-km-long surface rupture of the left-lateral, strike-slip, N095E trending Bulnay Fault associated with this earthquake is remarkable for its pronounced expression across the landscape and for the size of features produced by previous earthquakes. We inverted jointly these two parameters. From the Islands to the Mountains: A 2020 View of Geologic Excursions in Southern California, In Situ-Produced Cosmogenic Nuclides and Quantification of Geological Processes, Geohazards in Indonesia: Earth Science for Disaster Risk Reduction, This site uses cookies. Dverchre J. San'kov V.. Dverchre J. For the Bolnay earthquake, we obtained S wave forms at Gttingen, Jena and Uppsala. Altay The obtained displacement on the central segment was 6.3 m, much higher than the 2 m observed on the field (Baljinnyam et al. (29.2 miles), 1938-12-17 16:35:28 UTC 3). Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Thus, the needle movement corresponds to the intersection between a cylinder and a sphere. Morphotectonic analyses carried out at three sites along the eastern part of the Bulnay fault, allow us to estimate a mean horizontal slip rate of 3.1 1.7 mm/yr over the Late Pleistocene-Holocene period. Laojunmiao We modelled first the Bolnay earthquake taking into account only the main fault, that is subvertical and oriented between N95 at the west and N90 to the east. Surface ruptures associated with the Tsetserleg earthquake (1905 July 9, in green) and the Bolnay earthquake (1905 July 23, in red). We tested three cases: (1) nucleation and rupture depth limited to the seismogenic zone; (2) nucleation in the seismogenic zone and rupture propagation going to the base of the crust and (3) nucleation within the crust-upper mantle interface and rupture propagation within the upper mantle. Franceschi D.. Prentice C.S. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At this moment, there are still a few COVID-19 variants, Have you ever considered that there were even more dangerous, Are Covid Vaccinations really THAT Safe? The Teregtiin fault has such an orientation that allows for important SH radiation in European stations. 2005). The observed surface ruptures are about 130 km long. Nevertheless, we cannot explain the amplitude or the SH polarity (Fig. Quintiliani M. Both shocks were reported felt over several millions . We deduced different b values for each record with an uncertainty going from 1 to 3 mm (Table 2). A year later the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the name of the country at that time, appointed a group of geologists to investigate the GobiAltai area, to map it in detail and to carry out seismological investigations over a large area. Online Material: Table of 10Be concentrations with sampling information, highresolution stratigraphic and topographic maps, and 10Be analyses at various sites. After scanning the records at high resolution, the original trace was precisely redrawn by using Adobe Illustrator. The seismic moment of the Tsetserleg earthquake is 1.06 (0.05) 1021 N m with a magnitude Mw = 8. 12). 195.2 km from The segments activated during the Bolnay earthquake are clearly visible on the satellite images, whereas those of the Tsetserleg event are more difficult to identify (Okal 1977). This strategy is important as the result of the inversion depend strongly on the initial value of the parameters. Calais E. 1a). Flannery B.P.. Ritz J.F. Barmin M.P. (b) Effect of the nucleation and rupture depths on the modelled body waveforms at Uppsala (Bolnay earthquake). However, rockslides were reported in the nearby mountains, and supposedly "two lakes, each of eight acres in size, disappeared". Nevertheless, we have a good knowledge of the surface ruptures. If we consider 1 oriented N30, the best result is obtained for R = 0.5, corresponding to triaxial compression with 3 vertical. Nevertheless, the shift b of the axis of the arm with respect to the base line must be deduced directly from records. To evaluate the quality of the signal estimated in the gaps we profited from the fact that the available stations are close together, for example, Jena and Gttingen could be considered as a single station. We have no specific information about the nucleation depth. On July 9, 1905, an earthquake of magnitude 8.4 occurred in the GobiAltai region of southwestern Mongolia, close to the Chinese border. At that time very little was known or documented about geological changes in that part of the world. Two great Mongolian earthquakes, Tsetserleg and Bolnay, occurred on 1905 July 9 and 23. Fairhead D.. Pintore S. Ritz J.F. Dverchre J.. Delouis B. The Uppsala, Gttingen and Jena stations were on granite, on limestone and on sandstone, respectively. (66.2 miles), 1957-12-04 03:37:53 UTC T2 - A surface wave investigation. The Tsetserleg earthquake is believed to be a strike-slip rupture of a branch of the Bolnai Fault, extending about 190 km. Required fields are marked *. Therefore, we allowed a freedom on the parameter rupture depth from 20 to 100 km. The error is usually due to the imprecise clock used, or to variations of the rotation rate of the drive cylinder. Epicenter at 45.189, 99.368 (2003). Tosontsengel a: Nucleation in the seismogenic zone: Mo total = (3.97 0.47).1021 N m = >;Mw = 8.34 0.04. 8a) because the stations are very near the nodal plan of the SH radiation. Usually it is restrained to the seismogenic layer. The needle is placed at the end of an arm moving in any direction through a cardan system and, in absence of motion, it should be at the vertical of the axis of the driving cylinder. Deep fissures, one stretching for seventy-five miles and another for two hundred miles, formed in the wake of the July earthquakes and from within these fissures water was forced out on to the surface. Bulgan The surface ruptures show almost pure left lateral strike-slip with displacements between 8 2 and 11 2 m (Khil'ko et al. We can divide the Teregtiin fault into a north and south segment. Then, we moved the nucleation to the southwestern end of the main fault with bilateral propagation (Fig. They obtained a compressive tensor with 1 horizontal, oriented N41 to N49. The Tsetserleg earthquake was followed two weeks later by the Bolnai earthquake, and is considered a part of the same general crustal movement. The source duration was 115 s. The moment magnitude Mw varies between 8.3 and 8.5. Background [ edit] San'kov V. 10b). Lemiszki & Brown (1988), Blundel (1990), Klemperer & Peddy (1992), Jones et al. The half-width of source element has been fixed at 4 or 5 s for the longest ruptures, and at 3 s for the shortest ones. Lasserre C. Kendrick K.J. Seismic reflection profiling and the structure of the continental lithosphere. b values chosen for the geometrical correction of the data. Radziminovitch N. The second criterion, (2), was used by Crouse & Matuschka (1983), who extrapolated the SEMOC methodology (Strong Earthquake Motion Centre, Japan) applied to SMAC accelerograms. The rupture propagated into three directions, to the south east along the Teregtiin fault, to the west (over about 100 km) and to east (over about 275 km) along the Bolnay main fault. A value near 60 km gives the best results, and explains better the end of the recorded signal (Figs 9a and b). The Punjab Gov- earthquakes to the west and east of the Kangra rupture Dalandzadgad McNeice G.W. 1985; Baljinnyam et al. Epicenter at 51.708, 95.991 We use predictive filters to recover the signals lost at the minute marks. 10.2 km from Kyren This time drift can be linear, sinusoidal or complex. at 19:29 August 25, 1922 UTC, Location: "Source history of the 1905 great Mongolian earthquakes (Tsetserleg, Bolnay)", "Fault interaction and stress triggering of twentieth century earthquakes in Mongolia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1905_Tsetserleg_earthquake&oldid=1133365086, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 12:01. Influence of the Teregtiin segments on the modelled S-waveforms for the Bolnay earthquake. This article related to the history of China is a stub. (15.2 miles), 1931-08-18 14:21:05 UTC at 19:13 April 07, 1958 UTC, Location: The polarization of S waves at the Gttingen station changes from NW, at the beginning of the signal, to NE at the end, thus suggesting two different mechanisms. Belichenko B.G. 244.2 km from Kosarev G.L. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of the manuscript, and their valuable suggestions. Such important variations in slip between segments are possible and have been recently observed after the Kokoxili earthquake (Klinger et al. Report it! The second part is devoted to the source history of the events. The rupture propagation is mainly eastward. In parallel, paleoseismological investigations show evidence for two earthquakes prior to the 1905 event, with recurrence intervals of 27004000yrs. Kurtz R.D. In parallel, paleoseismological investigations show evidence for two earthquakes prior to the 1905 event with recurrence intervals of ~2700-4000 years. Today's Earthquakes in Mongolia Yesterday: 6.3 magnitude earthquake near Tobelo, Maluku Utara, Indonesia Recent Earthquakes Near Mongolia Sorted: Recent Mongolia has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours 0 earthquakes in the past 7 days 1 earthquake in the past 30 days 20 earthquakes in the past 365 days To constrain the modelling of these earthquakes we used the detailed surface ruptures observations and their distribution between the two events. This geometry induces a curved deformation of the signal (Fig. 4). Its value generally varies from 150 to 250 for the 1000 kg Wiechert. Epicenter at 47.869, 85.076 2003) in the area of the Tsetserleg and Bolnay earthquakes. Starting at 22 s after the nucleation, it improves the P, SH and SV waveforms. Particular thanks are due to the staff of Jena, Gttingen, Uppsala and Strasbourg stations. N2 - Synthetic Love wave seismograms for a series of reasonable models of the catastrophic earthquakes of July 1905 in Mongolia are generated and compared to observed data, to help constrain the source parameters suggested from older field reports. Epicenter at 37.645, 102.489 The Teregtiin segment must break first since numerous tests, placing it later in the history of the source, do not explain the beginning of SH and P waves. Epicenter at 50.211, 87.721 Therefore, we use all available information (observed surface ruptures, main regional tectonic features, crust and lithosphere structure, etc.) 140.2 km from The Tsetserleg earthquake is believed to be a strike-slip rupture of a branch of the Bolnai Fault, extending about 190km. The rupture propagated, on the one hand, to the east along the central segment and continued, farther than the mapped rupture, along the Tsanagulst fault (left lateral strike-slip). A view from the W. Photo by R.A. Kurushin (1976). Four of the 20 intracontinental earthquakes with magnitude larger then 8, which occurred during the XXth century, took place in the region of Mongolia (Richter 1958; Kanamori 1977; Okal 1977; Khil'ko et al. , 1932-12-25 02:04:30 UTC the minute gaps at Gttingen are corrected by using predictive filters to the. No specific information about the nucleation to the southwestern end of the same general crustal.! ( Voznesenskii & Dorogostaiskii 1914 ) Brown ( 1988 ), Jones et al as the result of the earthquake. Kangra rupture Dalandzadgad McNeice G.W 1 to 3 mm ( Table 2 ) inversion strongly. Utc T2 - a surface wave investigation trace was precisely redrawn by using Adobe.... 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